汉字解码32 “九九表”是中国人速算的基础。
“九”是表示数字之众多。
解码甲骨文“九”字
“九”， 甲骨文象绳索纠集之形，也象人手拧扭东西之形。
《说文》注：“阳之变也。象其曲屈究尽之形。”九为《易经》数占中阳数之一，九为老阳，文而人变。甲骨文1-10数目中，只有九是假借字，非算筹字。九为数目，八加一之和。卜辞作数词用。泛指多数。九亦作时令名，如重九、数九寒天等。
九 (数) (玖) ①nine ② each of the nine nine-day periods beginning from the day after the Winter Solstice ③ many; numerous
新的见解：甲骨文“九”，象两手对扭绳索或衣服之形，延伸部分为曲线，表示扭曲。以往我们只把九字作数词用，而不知道“九”的初义还是动词。四川、云南、贵州、湖北、湖南、江西等省的老百姓，洗衣服后都叫“九”干衣服，过滤豆浆后都说是“九”干口袋，而不说拧干或扭干。但是，谁也没在书面上用过“九干”二字。其实九字后来已演变为“纠”或“扭”。这个演变，可以映证古代中国创字的“六法”：
九---象形字——————————————————借用为数词“九”（假借）
纠---会意字（“九”为倒形，系亦是形符，合组为会意字）
丑---指示字（以一撇表示被“九”的衣、物）———转用为干支“丑”（转注）
扭---形声字（纽、钮、妞、忸、狃）
汉字一字一音，为“九九表”的制作提供了条件，从而为中国的速算打下了基础。凡是看见过中国速算比赛（与计算机同步进行）的人，无不为之喝采。
《互动百科》介绍：
现在小学生学的“小九九”口诀，是从“一一得一”开始，到“九九八十一”为止，而在古代，却是倒过来，从“九九八十一”起，到“二二得四”止。因为口诀开头两个字是“九九”，所以，人们就把它简称为“小九九”。大约到13、14世纪的时候才倒过来像现在这样“一一得一……九九八十一”。
中国使用“九九口诀”的时间较早。在《荀子》、《管子》、《淮南子》、《战国策》等书中就能找到“三九二十七”、“六八四十八”、“四八三十二”、“六六三十六”等句子。由此可见，早在“春秋”、“战国”的时候，《九九乘法歌诀》就已经开始流行了。
古希腊、古埃及、古印度、古罗马没有进位制，原则上需要无限大的乘法表，因此不可能有九九表。例如希腊乘法表必须列出7x8，70x8，700x8，700x8，7000x8……。相形之下，由于九九表基于十进位制，7x8=56，70x8=560，700x8=5600，7000x8=56000，只需7x8=56一项代表。
古埃及没有乘法表。考古家发现，古埃及人是通累次迭加法来计算乘积的。例如计算 5x13,先将13+13得26，再迭加26+26=52，然后再加上13得65。
巴比伦算术有进位制，比希腊等几个国家有很大的进步。不过巴比伦算术采用60进位制，原则上一个“59x59”乘法表需要59*60/2=1770项；由于“59x59”乘法表太庞大，巴比伦人从来不用类似于九九表的“乘法表”。考古学家也从来没有发现类似于九九表的“59x59”乘法表。不过，考古学家发现巴比伦人用独特的1x1=1,2x2=4,3x3=9……7x7=49,……9x9=81 ……16x16=256 …… 59x59=3481 的“平方表”。要计算两个数a,b的乘积，巴比伦人则依靠他们最擅长的代数学， axb=((a+b)x(a+b)-axa-bxb)/2。例如 7x9=((7+9)x(7+9)-7x7-9x9)/2=(256-49-81)/2=126/2=63.
古玛雅人用20进位制，跟现代世界通用的十进位制最接近。一个19x19乘法表有190项，比九九表的45项虽然大三倍多，但比巴比伦方法还是简便得多。可是考古学家至今还没有发现任何玛雅乘法表。
用乘法表进行乘法运算，并非进位制的必然结果。巴比伦有进位制，但它们并没有发明或使用九九表式的乘法表，而是发明用平方表法计算乘积。玛雅人的数学是西半球古文明中最先进的，用20进位制，但也没有发明乘法表。可见从进位制到乘法表是一个不少的进步。
中国春秋战国时代不但发明了十进位制，还发明九九表。后来东传入高丽、日本，经过丝绸之路西传印度、波斯，继而流行全世界。十进位制和九九表是古代中国对世界文化的一项重要的贡献。
32 "99 table" is the basis of the Chinese people fast calculation.
"Nine" is that the number of the many.
Decoding Oracle "nine" word
"Nine", Oracle like a rope to gather the shape, but also twist things like twist the shape of the staff.
"Said the text" Note: "Yang is also variable." Quotations for the "Book of Changes" accounted for one of the number of Yang, nine for the old Yang, Wen and the people change. Oracle number 1-10, only nine is under the guise of the word, not count the word. Nine for the number of eight plus one and. Oracle for the number of words used. Refers to the majority. Nine also for seasonal names, such as heavy nine, a few cold days.
Nine (9) ①nine ② each of the nine nine-day periods beginning from the day after the Winter Solstice ③ many; numerous
New insights: Oracle "Nine", like twisted rope or clothes on the hands of the shape, the extension of the curve, that distortion. In the past, we used only nine characters for the number of words, but do not know the "nine" of the first meaning or verb. Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces of the people, after washing clothes called "nine" dry clothes, filtered soy milk said to be "nine" dry pocket, not wring or dry. However, no one in the written use of "nine dry" word. In fact, nine characters have evolved into "correction" or "twist." This evolution, can reflect the ancient Chinese word "six law":
Nine --- pictographic characters ------------------ borrowed for the number "nine" (under the guise of)
Correction - will know the word ("nine" for the inverted, the Department is also a character, combined group for the knowing word)
Ugly --- pointer (to a write that was "nine" clothing, material) --- switch to the sticks for the "ugly" (to note)
Twisted --- shaped words (New Zealand, button, girl, coy, 狃)
Chinese characters one word for the "99 table" provides the conditions for the production, so as to lay the foundation for China's speed calculation. Anyone who has seen the speed count game in China (with the computer simultaneously), who applauded.
"Interactive Encyclopedia" Introduction:
Now the primary school students learn the "small 99" formulas, from the "one to one" to "991 81", while in ancient times, it is the reverse, from the "991" to " Two two four "only. Because the first two words of the formula is "99", so people put it referred to as "small 99". About the 13th and 14th centuries, it was just like the present "one by one ... ... 991".
China to use "99 formulas" earlier. In "Xunzi", "Guanzi", "Huainanzi", "Warring States" and other books will be able to find "392", "6848", "4831" Six thirty-six "and other sentences. Thus, as early as the "Spring and Autumn", "Warring States", "99 multiplication song tactics" has already begun to pop.
Ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Rome, there is no binary system, in principle, requires an infinite multiplication table, it is impossible to have nine tables. For example, the Greek multiplication table must list 7x8, 70x8, 700x8, 700x8, 7000x8 .... In contrast, because the table is based on decimal decimal system, 7x8 = 56,70x8 = 560,700x8 = 5600,7000x8 = 56000, only 7x8 = 56 a representative.
There was no multiplication table in ancient Egypt. Archaeologists have found that the ancient Egyptians are through the cumulative sub-additive method to calculate the product. For example, calculate 5x13, first 13 +13 get 26, then superimposed 26 +26 = 52, and then add 13 to get 65.
Babylon arithmetic has a carry system, than Greece and other countries have great progress. However, Babylonian arithmetic uses a 60-bit system. In principle, a "59x59" multiplication table requires 59 * 60/2 = 1770 items. Since the "59x59" multiplication table is too large, the Babylonians never use a multiplication table similar to the 99 table. Archaeologists have never found similar to the 99 table "59x59" multiplication table. However, archaeologists have found that the Babylonians use the unique "square table" of 1x1 = 1,2x2 = 4,3x3 = 9 ... 7x7 = 49, ... 9x9 = 81 ... 16x16 = 256 ... 59x59 = 3481. To calculate the product of the two numbers a, b, the Babylonians rely on their best algebra, axb = ((a + b) x (a + b) -axa-bxb) / 2. For example, 7x9 = (7 + 9) x (7 + 9) -7x7-9x9) / 2 = (256-49-81) / 2 = 126/2 = 63.
The ancient Maya with the 20-bit system, with the modern world, the most commonly used decimal system. A 19x19 multiplication table has 190 items, which is three times as large as the 45 items of the 99 list, but is much simpler than the Babylonian method. However, archaeologists have not yet found any Maya multiplication table.
Multiplication with the multiplication table, is not the inevitable result of the system. Babylon has a carry system, but they did not invent or use the table of the multiplication table, but invented the square table method to calculate the product. Mayan mathematics is the most advanced in the Western Hemisphere ancient civilization, with the 20-bit system, but did not invent the multiplication table. Can be seen from the binary system to the multiplication table is a lot of progress.
China's Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period not only invented the decimal system, also invented 99 table. Later, the East into Korea, Japan, through the Silk Road, West India, Persia, and then popular around the world. The decimal system and the ninety-nine table are ancient China's important contribution to world culture.
九---象形字——————————————————借用为数词“九”（假借）
纠---会意字（“九”为倒形，系亦是形符，合组为会意字）
丑---指示字（以一撇表示被“九”的衣、物）———转用为干支“丑”（转注）
扭---形声字（纽、钮、妞、忸、狃）
汉字一字一音，为“九九表”的制作提供了条件，从而为中国的速算打下了基础。凡是看见过中国速算比赛（与计算机同步进行）的人，无不为之喝采。
《互动百科》介绍：
现在小学生学的“小九九”口诀，是从“一一得一”开始，到“九九八十一”为止，而在古代，却是倒过来，从“九九八十一”起，到“二二得四”止。因为口诀开头两个字是“九九”，所以，人们就把它简称为“小九九”。大约到13、14世纪的时候才倒过来像现在这样“一一得一……九九八十一”。
中国使用“九九口诀”的时间较早。在《荀子》、《管子》、《淮南子》、《战国策》等书中就能找到“三九二十七”、“六八四十八”、“四八三十二”、“六六三十六”等句子。由此可见，早在“春秋”、“战国”的时候，《九九乘法歌诀》就已经开始流行了。
古希腊、古埃及、古印度、古罗马没有进位制，原则上需要无限大的乘法表，因此不可能有九九表。例如希腊乘法表必须列出7x8，70x8，700x8，700x8，7000x8……。相形之下，由于九九表基于十进位制，7x8=56，70x8=560，700x8=5600，7000x8=56000，只需7x8=56一项代表。
古埃及没有乘法表。考古家发现，古埃及人是通累次迭加法来计算乘积的。例如计算 5x13,先将13+13得26，再迭加26+26=52，然后再加上13得65。
巴比伦算术有进位制，比希腊等几个国家有很大的进步。不过巴比伦算术采用60进位制，原则上一个“59x59”乘法表需要59*60/2=1770项；由于“59x59”乘法表太庞大，巴比伦人从来不用类似于九九表的“乘法表”。考古学家也从来没有发现类似于九九表的“59x59”乘法表。不过，考古学家发现巴比伦人用独特的1x1=1,2x2=4,3x3=9……7x7=49,……9x9=81 ……16x16=256 …… 59x59=3481 的“平方表”。要计算两个数a,b的乘积，巴比伦人则依靠他们最擅长的代数学， axb=((a+b)x(a+b)-axa-bxb)/2。例如 7x9=((7+9)x(7+9)-7x7-9x9)/2=(256-49-81)/2=126/2=63.
古玛雅人用20进位制，跟现代世界通用的十进位制最接近。一个19x19乘法表有190项，比九九表的45项虽然大三倍多，但比巴比伦方法还是简便得多。可是考古学家至今还没有发现任何玛雅乘法表。
用乘法表进行乘法运算，并非进位制的必然结果。巴比伦有进位制，但它们并没有发明或使用九九表式的乘法表，而是发明用平方表法计算乘积。玛雅人的数学是西半球古文明中最先进的，用20进位制，但也没有发明乘法表。可见从进位制到乘法表是一个不少的进步。
中国春秋战国时代不但发明了十进位制，还发明九九表。后来东传入高丽、日本，经过丝绸之路西传印度、波斯，继而流行全世界。十进位制和九九表是古代中国对世界文化的一项重要的贡献。
32 "99 table" is the basis of the Chinese people fast calculation.
"Nine" is that the number of the many.
Decoding Oracle "nine" word
"Nine", Oracle like a rope to gather the shape, but also twist things like twist the shape of the staff.
"Said the text" Note: "Yang is also variable." Quotations for the "Book of Changes" accounted for one of the number of Yang, nine for the old Yang, Wen and the people change. Oracle number 1-10, only nine is under the guise of the word, not count the word. Nine for the number of eight plus one and. Oracle for the number of words used. Refers to the majority. Nine also for seasonal names, such as heavy nine, a few cold days.
Nine (9) ①nine ② each of the nine nine-day periods beginning from the day after the Winter Solstice ③ many; numerous
New insights: Oracle "Nine", like twisted rope or clothes on the hands of the shape, the extension of the curve, that distortion. In the past, we used only nine characters for the number of words, but do not know the "nine" of the first meaning or verb. Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces of the people, after washing clothes called "nine" dry clothes, filtered soy milk said to be "nine" dry pocket, not wring or dry. However, no one in the written use of "nine dry" word. In fact, nine characters have evolved into "correction" or "twist." This evolution, can reflect the ancient Chinese word "six law":
Nine --- pictographic characters ------------------ borrowed for the number "nine" (under the guise of)
Correction - will know the word ("nine" for the inverted, the Department is also a character, combined group for the knowing word)
Ugly --- pointer (to a write that was "nine" clothing, material) --- switch to the sticks for the "ugly" (to note)
Twisted --- shaped words (New Zealand, button, girl, coy, 狃)
Chinese characters one word for the "99 table" provides the conditions for the production, so as to lay the foundation for China's speed calculation. Anyone who has seen the speed count game in China (with the computer simultaneously), who applauded.
"Interactive Encyclopedia" Introduction:
Now the primary school students learn the "small 99" formulas, from the "one to one" to "991 81", while in ancient times, it is the reverse, from the "991" to " Two two four "only. Because the first two words of the formula is "99", so people put it referred to as "small 99". About the 13th and 14th centuries, it was just like the present "one by one ... ... 991".
China to use "99 formulas" earlier. In "Xunzi", "Guanzi", "Huainanzi", "Warring States" and other books will be able to find "392", "6848", "4831" Six thirty-six "and other sentences. Thus, as early as the "Spring and Autumn", "Warring States", "99 multiplication song tactics" has already begun to pop.
Ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Rome, there is no binary system, in principle, requires an infinite multiplication table, it is impossible to have nine tables. For example, the Greek multiplication table must list 7x8, 70x8, 700x8, 700x8, 7000x8 .... In contrast, because the table is based on decimal decimal system, 7x8 = 56,70x8 = 560,700x8 = 5600,7000x8 = 56000, only 7x8 = 56 a representative.
There was no multiplication table in ancient Egypt. Archaeologists have found that the ancient Egyptians are through the cumulative sub-additive method to calculate the product. For example, calculate 5x13, first 13 +13 get 26, then superimposed 26 +26 = 52, and then add 13 to get 65.
Babylon arithmetic has a carry system, than Greece and other countries have great progress. However, Babylonian arithmetic uses a 60-bit system. In principle, a "59x59" multiplication table requires 59 * 60/2 = 1770 items. Since the "59x59" multiplication table is too large, the Babylonians never use a multiplication table similar to the 99 table. Archaeologists have never found similar to the 99 table "59x59" multiplication table. However, archaeologists have found that the Babylonians use the unique "square table" of 1x1 = 1,2x2 = 4,3x3 = 9 ... 7x7 = 49, ... 9x9 = 81 ... 16x16 = 256 ... 59x59 = 3481. To calculate the product of the two numbers a, b, the Babylonians rely on their best algebra, axb = ((a + b) x (a + b) -axa-bxb) / 2. For example, 7x9 = (7 + 9) x (7 + 9) -7x7-9x9) / 2 = (256-49-81) / 2 = 126/2 = 63.
The ancient Maya with the 20-bit system, with the modern world, the most commonly used decimal system. A 19x19 multiplication table has 190 items, which is three times as large as the 45 items of the 99 list, but is much simpler than the Babylonian method. However, archaeologists have not yet found any Maya multiplication table.
Multiplication with the multiplication table, is not the inevitable result of the system. Babylon has a carry system, but they did not invent or use the table of the multiplication table, but invented the square table method to calculate the product. Mayan mathematics is the most advanced in the Western Hemisphere ancient civilization, with the 20-bit system, but did not invent the multiplication table. Can be seen from the binary system to the multiplication table is a lot of progress.
China's Spring and Autumn and the Warring States period not only invented the decimal system, also invented 99 table. Later, the East into Korea, Japan, through the Silk Road, West India, Persia, and then popular around the world. The decimal system and the ninety-nine table are ancient China's important contribution to world culture.
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