94 "车",在中国,车的制造,已有4600年的历史.
车 甲骨文象古代战车或运输车之形。《说文》注：“舆轮之总名。夏后时奚仲所造。象形。”车指下有轮上有车厢之交通工具。据说夏禹为国君时由奚仲创制。象形字，象其轴、轮、舆之形。车亦指利用轮轴转动工作之机械。泛指机器。作动词，指机车之切削或水车之车水。车亦作量词用。
车 [車]Ⅰ(名) ① vehicle ② wheeled machine or instrument ③ machine Ⅱ(动) ① lathe; turn ② lift water by waterwheel
中国是最早使用车的国家之一。相传中国人大约在4600年前黄帝时代已经创造了车。大约4000年前当时的薛部落以造车闻名于世。《左传》说薛部落的奚仲担任夏朝（约公元前21世纪—前17世纪）的“车正”官职。《墨子》、《荀子》和《吕氏春秋》都记述了奚仲造车。
夏朝已进入了奴隶社会，在其奴隶主政权机器中，牧正主管马牛的牧养驯育与使用，车正主管战车、运输车的制造、保管和使用。可以认为，这车正和牧正，便是我国早期的主管交通的专职行政人员。
夏朝末年，商汤在伊尹的辅佐下，同样打起了“恭行天之罚”的旗号，作战中使用了更多的牲畜和战车、运输车，讨灭暴虐无道的昏君夏桀，建立了商朝（约公元前16世纪—前11世纪）。 商代战车的使用已经十分普遍，车辆制造技术也有很大提高，能够造相当精美的两轮车了。
周武王灭商后大封诸侯，又接受周公的建议，修建洛邑，开凿道路，制造车辆，发展交通。西周的车辆有了重大改革。《说文》上说，商代有三匹马拉的车，谓之骖；周人增加了一匹，谓之驷。河南浚县辛村周墓出土车12辆，马骨竟为72架，说明已有六匹马拉的车。特别是到春秋战国时期，车辆制造业有了更快的发展。
先秦时代的车，总的说来分为“小车”、“大车”两大类。驾马、车箱小的叫“小车”，也叫轻车或戎车。驾牛、车箱大的叫“大车”。小车除贵族出行乘坐外，主要用于战争。战国时，由于车战的发达，战车的多少成为一个国家强弱的标志，有所谓“千乘之国”、“万乘之国”的说法。
秦始皇统一中国后，实行了“车同轨”，对车辆制造的技术和工艺提出了更高的要求。秦始皇五次大规模巡游，主要的交通工具就是马车。秦代人对马车似乎有着特殊深厚的感情，至今我们还可以从秦朝留下的兵马俑中，看到当时的战车、辇车等实物，看到与真人真物几乎等高的人物与马匹形象。从1974年开始发掘的秦始皇陵兵马俑坑中，已出土武士俑800多个，木质战车18辆，陶马100多匹，青铜兵器、车马器共计9000余件。如按兵马排列形式复原，三个坑的武士俑可能有7000个，驷马战车100多辆，战马1000多匹。兵马俑庞大的阵容，形象地展现出秦军的兵种编列和武器车辆等情况。1980年出土了两辆大型彩绘铜车马，其大小为真车真马的1/2。一号车为立车，即立乘之前导车。长为2.25米，高为1.52米。单辕双轭，套驾四马，即两骖两服。车舆呈长方形，车上置一圆形铜伞，伞下立一御马官俑，双手执辔［pèi沛］。舆内有铜方壶、弓、驽、镞、盾等。四匹铜马均饰金银络头。鞍具上有编号文字29处，共49字，均小篆体。二号车为安车，即坐乘之轿形车。车身全长为3.28米，高1.04米。车厢分前后两室，前室为驾驶室，内有一跽［jì计］坐的御马官俑，腰际佩剑，执辔前视。后室为乘主坐席。车厢上有椭圆形车盖。车亦单辕双轮，前驾四匹铜马。这些珍贵文物，完全模拟实物制成，是前所未有的考古发现，反映了我国2000多年前马车制造的精湛技艺。
（资料来源：科学与艺术数字博物馆）
94 "car", in China, the manufacture of cars, has a history of 4600 years.
The shape of an ancient chariot or trolley. "Said the text" Note: "the general name of the round. After the summer when Xi Zhong made. Pictograms." There are cars on the car under the car. It is said that Xia Yu for the monarch when the creation by the Xi Zhong. Pictographic characters, like its axis, round, the shape of the public. The car also refers to the use of axles to rotate the work of the machinery. Refers to the machine. A locomotive that cuts or a waterwheel. Car is also used as a quantifier.
Car [car] I (name) ① vehicle ② wheeled machine or instrument ③ machine Ⅱ (moving) ① lathe; turn ② lift water by waterwheel
China is one of the earliest countries to use cars. According to legend, the Chinese people around 4600 years ago, the Yellow Emperor has created a car. About four thousand years ago the Xue tribe was famous for making cars. "Zuo Zhuan" that Xi tribe Xi Zhong served as Xia Chao (about the 21st century BC - the first 17 century) "car is" official. "Mozi", "Xunzi" and "Lu's Spring and Autumn" are described Xi Zhong made cars.
Xia Dynasty has entered a slave society, in its slave regime machine, animal husbandry is in charge of horse cattle breeding and use, car is in charge of chariot, transport car manufacturing, storage and use. It can be said that this car is and animal husbandry is, is our early competent traffic in charge of full-time administrative staff.
In the late summer of the Xia Dynasty, Shang Tang in Yi Yin's help, also played the "Christine day penalty" under the banner of fighting the use of more livestock and chariot, transport vehicles, , Established the Shang Dynasty (about the 16th century BC - the first 11th century). The use of the Shang Dynasty chariot has been very common, vehicle manufacturing technology has greatly improved, can make a very beautiful two-wheeled car.
Zhou Wu Wang off after the big seal princes, but also accept the recommendations of Zhou, the construction of Luo Yi, cut roads, manufacturing vehicles, the development of traffic. Western Zhou's vehicles have undergone major reforms. "Said the text" that the Shang Dynasty has three horse-drawn car, that the 骖; Zhou increased a, that the Si. Henan Junxian Xincun Zhou Tomb unearthed 12 cars, horse bone actually was 72, indicating that there are six horse-drawn car. Especially in the Spring and Autumn Period, the vehicle manufacturing industry has a faster development.
Pre-Qin era car, in general, is divided into "car", "cart" two categories. Driving horse, small car called "car", also known as light truck or car. Driving cattle, big car called "cart". Car in addition to the aristocracy travel, mainly for the war. Warring States, due to the development of the war, the number of chariot to become a national strength of the signs, the so-called "thousands of times the country", "multiplication of the country" argument.
Qin Shihuang unified China, the implementation of the "car with the track", the vehicle manufacturing technology and technology put forward higher requirements. Qin Shihuang five large-scale parade, the main means of transport is the carriage. Qin people on the carriage seems to have a special deep feelings, so far we can also leave from the Qin Dynasty terracotta warriors and horses, to see the chariot, chariot cars and other objects, see and real people almost equal height and horses Image. From the beginning of 1974 to explore the Qin Shi Huang Ling Terracotta Warriors and Horses, unearthed more than 800 warrior figurines, wooden chariot 18, pottery more than 100 horses, bronze weapons, car harness a total of more than 9,000 pieces. Such as the arrangement of troops and horses in the form of recovery, three pit warrior figurines may have 7,000, Sima chariot more than 100 vehicles, more than 1,000 horse horses. Terracotta warriors and horses of the huge lineup, the image of the Qin Jun to show the arms and weapons and other vehicles. 1980 unearthed two large painted copper car horse, the size of the real car for the horse 1/2. One car for the car, that is, before the ride by car. Long 2.25 meters, 1.52 meters high. Single-yun double yoke, set driving four horses, that is, two two two service. Car body was rectangular, car placed a round copper umbrella, umbrella under a royal horse figurines, both hands executive bridle [pèi Pei]. There are copper square pot, bow, ding, arrowheads, shield and so on. Four copper horse are decorated gold and silver head. Saddle on the number 29 text, a total of 49 words, are small Zhuan body. The second car for the car, that is, sitting by the car-shaped car. Body length of 3.28 meters, 1.04 meters high. Car compartment before and after the two rooms, the front room for the cab, there is a 跽 [jì] sitting in the Royal Horse figurines, waist saber, bridle front view. After the room for the main seat. There are oval covers on the compartment. Car is also a single wheel, before driving four copper horse. These precious cultural relics, completely mimic the real made, is an unprecedented archaeological discovery, reflecting our country more than 2,000 years ago wagon manufacturing superb skills.
(Source: Museum of Science and Art Digital)
夏朝已进入了奴隶社会，在其奴隶主政权机器中，牧正主管马牛的牧养驯育与使用，车正主管战车、运输车的制造、保管和使用。可以认为，这车正和牧正，便是我国早期的主管交通的专职行政人员。
夏朝末年，商汤在伊尹的辅佐下，同样打起了“恭行天之罚”的旗号，作战中使用了更多的牲畜和战车、运输车，讨灭暴虐无道的昏君夏桀，建立了商朝（约公元前16世纪—前11世纪）。 商代战车的使用已经十分普遍，车辆制造技术也有很大提高，能够造相当精美的两轮车了。
周武王灭商后大封诸侯，又接受周公的建议，修建洛邑，开凿道路，制造车辆，发展交通。西周的车辆有了重大改革。《说文》上说，商代有三匹马拉的车，谓之骖；周人增加了一匹，谓之驷。河南浚县辛村周墓出土车12辆，马骨竟为72架，说明已有六匹马拉的车。特别是到春秋战国时期，车辆制造业有了更快的发展。
先秦时代的车，总的说来分为“小车”、“大车”两大类。驾马、车箱小的叫“小车”，也叫轻车或戎车。驾牛、车箱大的叫“大车”。小车除贵族出行乘坐外，主要用于战争。战国时，由于车战的发达，战车的多少成为一个国家强弱的标志，有所谓“千乘之国”、“万乘之国”的说法。
秦始皇统一中国后，实行了“车同轨”，对车辆制造的技术和工艺提出了更高的要求。秦始皇五次大规模巡游，主要的交通工具就是马车。秦代人对马车似乎有着特殊深厚的感情，至今我们还可以从秦朝留下的兵马俑中，看到当时的战车、辇车等实物，看到与真人真物几乎等高的人物与马匹形象。从1974年开始发掘的秦始皇陵兵马俑坑中，已出土武士俑800多个，木质战车18辆，陶马100多匹，青铜兵器、车马器共计9000余件。如按兵马排列形式复原，三个坑的武士俑可能有7000个，驷马战车100多辆，战马1000多匹。兵马俑庞大的阵容，形象地展现出秦军的兵种编列和武器车辆等情况。1980年出土了两辆大型彩绘铜车马，其大小为真车真马的1/2。一号车为立车，即立乘之前导车。长为2.25米，高为1.52米。单辕双轭，套驾四马，即两骖两服。车舆呈长方形，车上置一圆形铜伞，伞下立一御马官俑，双手执辔［pèi沛］。舆内有铜方壶、弓、驽、镞、盾等。四匹铜马均饰金银络头。鞍具上有编号文字29处，共49字，均小篆体。二号车为安车，即坐乘之轿形车。车身全长为3.28米，高1.04米。车厢分前后两室，前室为驾驶室，内有一跽［jì计］坐的御马官俑，腰际佩剑，执辔前视。后室为乘主坐席。车厢上有椭圆形车盖。车亦单辕双轮，前驾四匹铜马。这些珍贵文物，完全模拟实物制成，是前所未有的考古发现，反映了我国2000多年前马车制造的精湛技艺。
（资料来源：科学与艺术数字博物馆）
94 "car", in China, the manufacture of cars, has a history of 4600 years.
The shape of an ancient chariot or trolley. "Said the text" Note: "the general name of the round. After the summer when Xi Zhong made. Pictograms." There are cars on the car under the car. It is said that Xia Yu for the monarch when the creation by the Xi Zhong. Pictographic characters, like its axis, round, the shape of the public. The car also refers to the use of axles to rotate the work of the machinery. Refers to the machine. A locomotive that cuts or a waterwheel. Car is also used as a quantifier.
Car [car] I (name) ① vehicle ② wheeled machine or instrument ③ machine Ⅱ (moving) ① lathe; turn ② lift water by waterwheel
China is one of the earliest countries to use cars. According to legend, the Chinese people around 4600 years ago, the Yellow Emperor has created a car. About four thousand years ago the Xue tribe was famous for making cars. "Zuo Zhuan" that Xi tribe Xi Zhong served as Xia Chao (about the 21st century BC - the first 17 century) "car is" official. "Mozi", "Xunzi" and "Lu's Spring and Autumn" are described Xi Zhong made cars.
Xia Dynasty has entered a slave society, in its slave regime machine, animal husbandry is in charge of horse cattle breeding and use, car is in charge of chariot, transport car manufacturing, storage and use. It can be said that this car is and animal husbandry is, is our early competent traffic in charge of full-time administrative staff.
In the late summer of the Xia Dynasty, Shang Tang in Yi Yin's help, also played the "Christine day penalty" under the banner of fighting the use of more livestock and chariot, transport vehicles, , Established the Shang Dynasty (about the 16th century BC - the first 11th century). The use of the Shang Dynasty chariot has been very common, vehicle manufacturing technology has greatly improved, can make a very beautiful two-wheeled car.
Zhou Wu Wang off after the big seal princes, but also accept the recommendations of Zhou, the construction of Luo Yi, cut roads, manufacturing vehicles, the development of traffic. Western Zhou's vehicles have undergone major reforms. "Said the text" that the Shang Dynasty has three horse-drawn car, that the 骖; Zhou increased a, that the Si. Henan Junxian Xincun Zhou Tomb unearthed 12 cars, horse bone actually was 72, indicating that there are six horse-drawn car. Especially in the Spring and Autumn Period, the vehicle manufacturing industry has a faster development.
Pre-Qin era car, in general, is divided into "car", "cart" two categories. Driving horse, small car called "car", also known as light truck or car. Driving cattle, big car called "cart". Car in addition to the aristocracy travel, mainly for the war. Warring States, due to the development of the war, the number of chariot to become a national strength of the signs, the so-called "thousands of times the country", "multiplication of the country" argument.
Qin Shihuang unified China, the implementation of the "car with the track", the vehicle manufacturing technology and technology put forward higher requirements. Qin Shihuang five large-scale parade, the main means of transport is the carriage. Qin people on the carriage seems to have a special deep feelings, so far we can also leave from the Qin Dynasty terracotta warriors and horses, to see the chariot, chariot cars and other objects, see and real people almost equal height and horses Image. From the beginning of 1974 to explore the Qin Shi Huang Ling Terracotta Warriors and Horses, unearthed more than 800 warrior figurines, wooden chariot 18, pottery more than 100 horses, bronze weapons, car harness a total of more than 9,000 pieces. Such as the arrangement of troops and horses in the form of recovery, three pit warrior figurines may have 7,000, Sima chariot more than 100 vehicles, more than 1,000 horse horses. Terracotta warriors and horses of the huge lineup, the image of the Qin Jun to show the arms and weapons and other vehicles. 1980 unearthed two large painted copper car horse, the size of the real car for the horse 1/2. One car for the car, that is, before the ride by car. Long 2.25 meters, 1.52 meters high. Single-yun double yoke, set driving four horses, that is, two two two service. Car body was rectangular, car placed a round copper umbrella, umbrella under a royal horse figurines, both hands executive bridle [pèi Pei]. There are copper square pot, bow, ding, arrowheads, shield and so on. Four copper horse are decorated gold and silver head. Saddle on the number 29 text, a total of 49 words, are small Zhuan body. The second car for the car, that is, sitting by the car-shaped car. Body length of 3.28 meters, 1.04 meters high. Car compartment before and after the two rooms, the front room for the cab, there is a 跽 [jì] sitting in the Royal Horse figurines, waist saber, bridle front view. After the room for the main seat. There are oval covers on the compartment. Car is also a single wheel, before driving four copper horse. These precious cultural relics, completely mimic the real made, is an unprecedented archaeological discovery, reflecting our country more than 2,000 years ago wagon manufacturing superb skills.
(Source: Museum of Science and Art Digital)
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