86 "贝"在古代曾是商品交换中的货币
贝 甲骨文象贝壳形。《说文》注：“海介虫也。象形。”古代贝用作货币，至秦代废贝币，通行钱币。贝又作财富解。在卜辞中贝亦用作祭品。
贝 [貝] (名) ① shellfish ② cowrie(用作货币)
"贝"是否曾用作商品交换中的货币?世界上有过争论.中文有关"贝"的文字,确证了这一点.
<维基百科>资料:早在原始社会末期，中国社会的商品交换逐渐产生，夏朝建立后，中国步入奴隶社会，社会分工扩大，商品交换增加，当物物交换不能满足需求时，交换媒介必然产生。贝币作为一种原始货币，在中国先秦时期商品贸易中广泛行用。原始货币为实物货币是指具有货币功能的自然物品和人工制作物。根据文献和考古发现，在夏代，生产工具、粮食、布帛、牲畜、皮张、齿角、龟壳、珠玉、海贝等都充当过交换媒介。后来一些被逐步淘汰，海贝由于对中原地区来说是稀少不易获得，而且美观方便携带为保留下来。成书于西汉的《史记》及《盐铁论》中均有夏代使用贝币的记载，但由于是后人追述，传说成分很大。而一些夏代的墓葬、遗址出土的文物中，贝币的出现则佐证了夏代使用贝币的说法，如1975年在河南偃师二里头文化遗址中出土了12枚天然海贝和仿制的骨贝与石贝。
贝 [貝] (名) ① shellfish ② cowrie(用作货币)
"贝"是否曾用作商品交换中的货币?世界上有过争论.中文有关"贝"的文字,确证了这一点.
<维基百科>资料:早在原始社会末期，中国社会的商品交换逐渐产生，夏朝建立后，中国步入奴隶社会，社会分工扩大，商品交换增加，当物物交换不能满足需求时，交换媒介必然产生。贝币作为一种原始货币，在中国先秦时期商品贸易中广泛行用。原始货币为实物货币是指具有货币功能的自然物品和人工制作物。根据文献和考古发现，在夏代，生产工具、粮食、布帛、牲畜、皮张、齿角、龟壳、珠玉、海贝等都充当过交换媒介。后来一些被逐步淘汰，海贝由于对中原地区来说是稀少不易获得，而且美观方便携带为保留下来。成书于西汉的《史记》及《盐铁论》中均有夏代使用贝币的记载，但由于是后人追述，传说成分很大。而一些夏代的墓葬、遗址出土的文物中，贝币的出现则佐证了夏代使用贝币的说法，如1975年在河南偃师二里头文化遗址中出土了12枚天然海贝和仿制的骨贝与石贝。
贝币的计算单位是朋，一朋的贝数，古人有2枚、5枚之说，今人一般倾向于每朋10贝。在先秦文献及出土青铜器铭文中常有“朋”字出现，如：《诗经·小雅·菁菁者莪》中有“既见君子，锡我百朋”；1959年河南安阳商代墓葬中出土的戍嗣子鼎的铭文中有“王商戍嗣子贝廿朋”。
中国古代文献中提到充当贝币的海贝，除又被成为子安贝的小型海贝外，还有大贝、紫贝、玄贝等，1949年以来，出土的各类贝币实物则货贝、拟枣贝、阿文绶贝、虎斑宝贝、环纹货贝、黍斑眼球贝和伶鼬榧螺等。
商代中后期，随着商品交换规模的扩大，海贝数量出现了相对不足，仿制贝币开始出现，有石贝、玉贝、陶贝、骨贝、蚌贝（珧贝）、铜贝、银贝、金贝及包金铜贝等等。但仿贝也有只起冥币作用的。在河南、山西等地的多个商代晚期墓葬中有大量仿贝和真贝同时出土。中国货贝开始了有实物货币到金属货币的过渡。商代铜仿贝是目前世界上发现最早的金属铸币。由于最初的铜贝没有铭文，因此也被称为无文铜贝。此外，楚国地区的流通货币鬼脸钱，也是铜贝的一种。铜仿贝的铸行成为实物货币向金属货币过渡的重要载体。西周晚期后，因称量货币和金属铸币的广泛流通，贝币就逐渐失去了货币资格，重新成了装饰品。秦朝建立后，贝币退出流通领域。
商代中后期，随着商品交换规模的扩大，海贝数量出现了相对不足，仿制贝币开始出现，有石贝、玉贝、陶贝、骨贝、蚌贝（珧贝）、铜贝、银贝、金贝及包金铜贝等等。但仿贝也有只起冥币作用的。在河南、山西等地的多个商代晚期墓葬中有大量仿贝和真贝同时出土。中国货贝开始了有实物货币到金属货币的过渡。商代铜仿贝是目前世界上发现最早的金属铸币。由于最初的铜贝没有铭文，因此也被称为无文铜贝。此外，楚国地区的流通货币鬼脸钱，也是铜贝的一种。铜仿贝的铸行成为实物货币向金属货币过渡的重要载体。西周晚期后，因称量货币和金属铸币的广泛流通，贝币就逐渐失去了货币资格，重新成了装饰品。秦朝建立后，贝币退出流通领域。
在中文中，与价值、钱财相关的文字多带有“贝”字的偏旁或部首，如贷、货、资、贫、财、债、贿、赊、账、购等等，说明了贝币的使用与这些文字的形成处于同一个历史时期。
86 "shellfish" in ancient times was the currency of commodity exchange
Shellfish. "Said the text" Note: "sea insects also. Pictograms." Ancient shellfish used as money, to the Qin Dynasty waste coins, access coins. Shells and wealth solution. In the oracle of the shell is also used as a sacrifice.
Bee [shell] (name) ① shellfish ② cowrie (used as currency)
Is the "shellfish" used to be used as a currency in the commodity exchange? There is a debate in the world. The Chinese word about "shellfish" confirms this.
In the early days of the primitive society, the exchange of goods in Chinese society gradually began. After the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, China entered the slave society, the social division of labor expanded, the exchange of goods increased, when the exchange of goods can not meet the demand, the exchange of media Will inevitably arise. Coin as a primitive currency, in the pre-Qin period of China's commodity trade widely used. The original currency is a physical currency that refers to natural goods and artifacts with monetary functions. According to the literature and archaeological discoveries, in the Xia Dynasty, production tools, food, cloth, livestock, skin, tooth angle, turtle shell, beads, seashells and so on as the exchange medium. Later, some were phased out, the seashells because of the Central Plains region is rare and difficult to obtain, and beautiful and convenient to carry to stay. Written in the Western Han Dynasty "Historical Records" and "Salt and Iron on the" are used in the summer of the use of coins records, but because it is tracing later, the legendary composition is very large. And some of the summer of the tombs, relics unearthed in the relics, the emergence of coins appeared in the summer of the use of coins to say, such as 1975 in Henan Yanshi Erlitou cultural relics unearthed in 12 natural shellfish and imitation of bone shellfish With stone.
Coin calculation unit is a friend, a pair of shellfish, the ancients have two, five of that, today people tend to each 10 bead. In the pre-Qin literature and unearthed bronze inscriptions often "friends" appear, such as: "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Jingjing who Curcuma" in the "see a gentleman, tin I hundred friends"; 1959 Henan Anyang Shang Dynasty tombs unearthed In the inscriptions of the imperialists, there are "
Ancient Chinese literature referred to as the coin of the sea shellfish, in addition to being a small shellfish sub-shellfish, there are large shellfish, purple shellfish, mysterious shellfish, since 1949, unearthed all kinds of coins in kind goods Shellfish, to date shellfish, A Wen ribbon shellfish, tabby baby, ring pattern cargo shellfish, millet eyeball shellfish and turtle Torreya snails and so on.
In the middle and late period of the Shang Dynasty, with the expansion of the size of the commodity exchange, the number of seashells appeared to be relatively insufficient, and the imitation coins began to appear. There were stone shells, jade shells, pottery shells, bone shells, mussels, Silver shell, gold shell and gold and silver and so on. But the imitation of the shell also has only the role of the currency. In Henan, Shanxi and other places of the Shang Dynasty late tombs in a large number of imitation shells and shells unearthed at the same time. China's cargo shellfish began a physical currency to metal currency transition. Shang Dynasty copper imitation shell is currently the world's first discovery of metal coins. Since the original bronze shells did not contain inscriptions, they were also called essays. In addition, the territory of Chu currency currency ghost face money, but also a kind of copper. The casting of copper imitation is an important carrier of the transition from physical currency to metal currency. After the late Western Zhou Dynasty, due to weighing the currency and the huge circulation of metal coins, coins will gradually lose the currency qualification, re-become ornaments. After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, the coin out of circulation.
In Chinese, with the value, money related to the text with "shellfish" word radicals or radicals, such as credit, goods, capital, poor, financial, debt, bribery, credit, accounts, purchase, etc., The use of the currency is in the same historical period as the formation of these words.
In Chinese, with the value, money related to the text with "shellfish" word radicals or radicals, such as credit, goods, capital, poor, financial, debt, bribery, credit, accounts, purchase, etc., The use of the currency is in the same historical period as the formation of these words.
86 "shellfish" in ancient times was the currency of commodity exchange
Shellfish. "Said the text" Note: "sea insects also. Pictograms." Ancient shellfish used as money, to the Qin Dynasty waste coins, access coins. Shells and wealth solution. In the oracle of the shell is also used as a sacrifice.
Bee [shell] (name) ① shellfish ② cowrie (used as currency)
Is the "shellfish" used to be used as a currency in the commodity exchange? There is a debate in the world. The Chinese word about "shellfish" confirms this.
In the early days of the primitive society, the exchange of goods in Chinese society gradually began. After the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, China entered the slave society, the social division of labor expanded, the exchange of goods increased, when the exchange of goods can not meet the demand, the exchange of media Will inevitably arise. Coin as a primitive currency, in the pre-Qin period of China's commodity trade widely used. The original currency is a physical currency that refers to natural goods and artifacts with monetary functions. According to the literature and archaeological discoveries, in the Xia Dynasty, production tools, food, cloth, livestock, skin, tooth angle, turtle shell, beads, seashells and so on as the exchange medium. Later, some were phased out, the seashells because of the Central Plains region is rare and difficult to obtain, and beautiful and convenient to carry to stay. Written in the Western Han Dynasty "Historical Records" and "Salt and Iron on the" are used in the summer of the use of coins records, but because it is tracing later, the legendary composition is very large. And some of the summer of the tombs, relics unearthed in the relics, the emergence of coins appeared in the summer of the use of coins to say, such as 1975 in Henan Yanshi Erlitou cultural relics unearthed in 12 natural shellfish and imitation of bone shellfish With stone.
Coin calculation unit is a friend, a pair of shellfish, the ancients have two, five of that, today people tend to each 10 bead. In the pre-Qin literature and unearthed bronze inscriptions often "friends" appear, such as: "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Jingjing who Curcuma" in the "see a gentleman, tin I hundred friends"; 1959 Henan Anyang Shang Dynasty tombs unearthed In the inscriptions of the imperialists, there are "
Ancient Chinese literature referred to as the coin of the sea shellfish, in addition to being a small shellfish sub-shellfish, there are large shellfish, purple shellfish, mysterious shellfish, since 1949, unearthed all kinds of coins in kind goods Shellfish, to date shellfish, A Wen ribbon shellfish, tabby baby, ring pattern cargo shellfish, millet eyeball shellfish and turtle Torreya snails and so on.
In the middle and late period of the Shang Dynasty, with the expansion of the size of the commodity exchange, the number of seashells appeared to be relatively insufficient, and the imitation coins began to appear. There were stone shells, jade shells, pottery shells, bone shells, mussels, Silver shell, gold shell and gold and silver and so on. But the imitation of the shell also has only the role of the currency. In Henan, Shanxi and other places of the Shang Dynasty late tombs in a large number of imitation shells and shells unearthed at the same time. China's cargo shellfish began a physical currency to metal currency transition. Shang Dynasty copper imitation shell is currently the world's first discovery of metal coins. Since the original bronze shells did not contain inscriptions, they were also called essays. In addition, the territory of Chu currency currency ghost face money, but also a kind of copper. The casting of copper imitation is an important carrier of the transition from physical currency to metal currency. After the late Western Zhou Dynasty, due to weighing the currency and the huge circulation of metal coins, coins will gradually lose the currency qualification, re-become ornaments. After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, the coin out of circulation.
In Chinese, with the value, money related to the text with "shellfish" word radicals or radicals, such as credit, goods, capital, poor, financial, debt, bribery, credit, accounts, purchase, etc., The use of the currency is in the same historical period as the formation of these words.
In Chinese, with the value, money related to the text with "shellfish" word radicals or radicals, such as credit, goods, capital, poor, financial, debt, bribery, credit, accounts, purchase, etc., The use of the currency is in the same historical period as the formation of these words.
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