2016年10月11日星期二

《汉字解码学》16 “匋(陶)”---新石器时代的重要文化现象 16 "匋" - an important cultural phenomenon in the Neolithic Age.

《汉字解码学》16 匋(陶)”---新石器時代的重要文化现象。

匋(陶) 是会意字。缶为形符;包含陶在窑中烧制之义。《说文》注:“瓦器也。从缶,包省声。古者昆吾作陶。”陶义为陶器。陶器是古贤人夏朝侯伯昆吾所发明。引喻教育、培养。引申喜悦、快乐。
() pottery; earthenware ()  make pottery educate; train

匋不是夏朝侯伯昆吾所发明早在10000多年前的新石器時代已经有匋器存在
据《百度百科》介绍:新石器时代早期(距今约12000-9000年)
发现的陶器数量较少,绝大多数为陶片,陶器中普遍参杂较大的石英砂粒,使用原始的模制技术和泥片贴塑方法、捏塑成型,工艺原始、器类简单,无刻意的装饰。
根据湖南道县玉蟾岩、江西万年仙人洞和吊桶环的考古发现,中国至迟在公元前12000年就出现了原始陶器,在中国北方,河北徐水南庄头也发现了公元前9000至公元前8000年的陶器,据此,可以大体看出,中国南方最早的陶器多圜底,中国北方早期的陶器多平底,陶器的制作方法、器表的装饰手法也有明显的差异,说明陶器的起源是多元的。
新石器时代中期(距今9000-7000年)
陶器工艺有很大改进,普遍采用泥片贴塑法、捏塑法和泥条盘筑法,以红色、褐色陶为主,烧成温度提高,但器表存在色泽不一的现象,装饰普遍比较简单,在黄河流域彩陶开始萌芽。

制陶技术快速发展,流行泥条盘筑法,满轮修整技术普及,部分地区开始出现轮制技术,陶器颜色仍以红色为主,但色泽纯正,随着时间的推移,黑灰陶比例逐渐增多,装饰手法多样,黄河流域彩陶流行。新石器时代晚期前段(距今7000-4500年)
新石器时代晚期后段(距今4500-4000年)
制陶技术突飞猛进,快轮制陶技术迅速普及,产量增加,黑色、黑灰色磨光陶流行,风格素雅凝重,在黄河流域随着袋足炊器的普遍出现,范模制陶工艺发展很快。

16 "Tao (Tao)" - Neolithic important cultural phenomenon.

匋 (Tao) 匋 is knowing the word. Fou as a character; including pottery firing in the kiln meaning. "Said the text" Note: "Pottery also. From the pot, the package of the province of sound. Ancient Kunwang as pottery." Tao Yi as pottery. Pottery is the ancient people of the Xia Dynasty Hou Bo Kun Kun I invented. Metaphor education, training Extended the joy and happiness.
Pottery; pottery; pottery; pottery; pottery;

匋 is not invented by the late Joseon Hou Bo Kun. As early as 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Age has a device exists
According to "Baidu Encyclopedia" Introduction: the early Neolithic Age (about 12,000-9000 years ago)
The majority of pottery, pottery is generally mixed with larger quartz sand, the use of the original molding technology and clay paste plastic method, pinched forming, the original process, the device class is simple, no Deliberate decoration.
According to archaeological discoveries of Yuzhang Rock in Hunan County, the immortal cave in Jiangxi Province and the bucket ring in Jiangxi Province, primitive pottery appeared in China by 12000 BC. In northern China, 8,000 BC, according to which we can generally see that the earliest pottery in southern China won the end of the early pottery in China more than the original flat, pottery production methods, instrument table decoration techniques are also significantly different, indicating pottery Origin is diverse.
The Neolithic Age (9000-7000 years ago)
Pottery technology has greatly improved, commonly used in clay paste plastic method, kneading method and the mud plate construction method to red, brown pottery-based, firing temperature, but the table there is the phenomenon of different colors, decorative universal Relatively simple, beginning in the Yellow River pottery pottery.

The rapid development of pottery technology, popular mud plate construction method, wheel dressing technology popularization, in some areas began to wheel system technology, pottery color is still red, but the color is pure, with the passage of time, the proportion of black and gray ceramic gradually Increase, decorative techniques varied, popular in the Yellow River pottery. Late Neolithic period (7,000-4,500 years ago)
Late Neolithic period (4500-4000 years ago)
The rapid development of ceramic pottery technology, the rapid popularization of pottery technology, production increased, black, black and gray polished pottery popular, solemn style of elegance, in the Yellow River basin with the general emergence of bag foot cooker, Fan mold ceramic technology developed rapidly .

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