车 甲骨文象古代战车或运输车之形。《说文》注：“舆轮之总名。夏后时奚仲所造。象形。”车指下有轮上有车厢之交通工具。据说夏禹为国君时由奚仲创制。象形字，象其轴、轮、舆之形。车亦指利用轮轴转动工作之机械。泛指机器。作动词，指机车之切削或水车之车水。车亦作量词用。
tzē
车 [車]Ⅰ(名) ① vehicle ② wheeled machine or instrument ③ machine Ⅱ(动) ① lathe; turn ② lift water by waterwheel
中国是最早使用车的国家之一。相传中国人大约在4600年前黄帝时代已经创造了车。大约4000年前当时的薛部落以造车闻名于世。《左传》说薛部落的奚仲担任夏朝（约公元前21世纪—前17世纪）的“车正”官职。《墨子》、《荀子》和《吕氏春秋》都记述了奚仲造车。
夏朝已进入了奴隶社会，在其奴隶主政权机器中，牧正主管马牛的牧养驯育与使用，车正主管战车、运输车的制造、保管和使用。可以认为，这车正和牧正，便是我国早期的主管交通的专职行政人员。
夏朝末年，商汤在伊尹的辅佐下，同样打起了“恭行天之罚”的旗号，作战中使用了更多的牲畜和战车、运输车，讨灭暴虐无道的昏君夏桀，建立了商朝（约公元前16世纪—前11世纪）。 商代战车的使用已经十分普遍，车辆制造技术也有很大提高，能够造相当精美的两轮车了。
周武王灭商后大封诸侯，又接受周公的建议，修建洛邑，开凿道路，制造车辆，发展交通。西周的车辆有了重大改革。《说文》上说，商代有三匹马拉的车，谓之骖；周人增加了一匹，谓之驷。河南浚县辛村周墓出土车12辆，马骨竟为72架，说明已有六匹马拉的车。特别是到春秋战国时期，车辆制造业有了更快的发展。
先秦时代的车，总的说来分为“小车”、“大车”两大类。驾马、车箱小的叫“小车”，也叫轻车或戎车。驾牛、车箱大的叫“大车”。小车除贵族出行乘坐外，主要用于战争。战国时，由于车战的发达，战车的多少成为一个国家强弱的标志，有所谓“千乘之国”、“万乘之国”的说法。
秦始皇统一中国后，实行了“车同轨”，对车辆制造的技术和工艺提出了更高的要求。秦始皇五次大规模巡游，主要的交通工具就是马车。秦代人对马车似乎有着特殊深厚的感情，至今我们还可以从秦朝留下的兵马俑中，看到当时的战车、辇车等实物，看到与真人真物几乎等高的人物与马匹形象。从1974年开始发掘的秦始皇陵兵马俑坑中，已出土武士俑800多个，木质战车18辆，陶马100多匹，青铜兵器、车马器共计9000余件。如按兵马排列形式复原，三个坑的武士俑可能有7000个，驷马战车100多辆，战马1000多匹。兵马俑庞大的阵容，形象地展现出秦军的兵种编列和武器车辆等情况。1980年出土了两辆大型彩绘铜车马，其大小为真车真马的1/2。一号车为立车，即立乘之前导车。长为2.25米，高为1.52米。单辕双轭，套驾四马，即两骖两服。车舆呈长方形，车上置一圆形铜伞，伞下立一御马官俑，双手执辔［pèi沛］。舆内有铜方壶、弓、驽、镞、盾等。四匹铜马均饰金银络头。鞍具上有编号文字29处，共49字，均小篆体。二号车为安车，即坐乘之轿形车。车身全长为3.28米，高1.04米。车厢分前后两室，前室为驾驶室，内有一跽［jì计］坐的御马官俑，腰际佩剑，执辔前视。后室为乘主坐席。车厢上有椭圆形车盖。车亦单辕双轮，前驾四匹铜马。这些珍贵文物，完全模拟实物制成，是前所未有的考古发现，反映了我国2000多年前马车制造的精湛技艺。
资料来源：科学与艺术数字博物馆
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94 "car", in China, car manufacturing, has a history of 4600 years.
Car Oracle as the ancient chariot or the shape of the car. "Said the text" Note: "Yu round of the total name. Xi Zhong Xi made after the summer. Pictograms." Car refers to a wheel under the carriage of the means of transport. It is said that when Xia Yu was a monarch, he was created by Xi Zhong. Pictographic characters, like its axis, round, Yu shape. The car also refers to the use of wheel rotation work of the machinery. Refers to the machine. As a verb, referring to the locomotive of the car or water tanker water. Car also used as a quantifier.
Tzē
1. (of a vehicle) 1. a wheeled machine 2. a motor vehicle 2. a motor vehicle
China is one of the first countries to use cars. According to legend, the Chinese people about 4600 years ago, the Yellow Emperor era has created a car. About 4000 years ago at the time of the Xue tribe known to make cars. "Zuo Zhuan," said Xue tribe Xi Zhong served as the Xia Dynasty (about the 21st century BC - before the 17th century) "car is" official. "Mozi", "Xunzi" and "Lu's Spring and Autumn" are described in Xi Zhong made cars.
The Xia Dynasty has entered the slave society, in its slave power machinery, animal husbandry is in charge of cattle breeding and use of horse cattle, car is in charge of chariot, transport vehicle manufacturing, storage and use. It can be said that this car is and animal husbandry is, in charge of traffic in China's early full-time administrative staff.
Xia Dynasty, the Shang Tang Yi Yin's help, the same playing the "Christine Xingtian penalty" under the banner of fighting in the use of more livestock and chariots, transport vehicles, to destroy the tyrannical no way to Xiaojun Xia Jie , The establishment of the Shang Dynasty (about the 16th century BC - before the 11th century). The use of the Shang Dynasty chariot has been very common, vehicle manufacturing technology has also greatly improved, able to build a very beautiful two-wheeled vehicles.
Zhou Wuwang after the closure of the great princes, but also accept the recommendations of Zhou Gong, the construction of Luo Yi, cut the road, manufacturing vehicles, the development of traffic. Western Zhou Dynasty vehicles have been major reforms. "Said the text", said the Shang Dynasty, there are three horses of the car, that the 骖; Zhou added an increase, that the Si. Henan Xunxian Xincun week tomb unearthed 12 cars, horse bone was 72, indicating that there are six horse car. Especially to the Spring and Autumn Period, the vehicle manufacturing industry has been faster development.
Pre-Qin era car, in general, divided into "car", "cart" two categories. Driving, small car called "car", also known as light vehicles or car. Driving cattle, big car called "cart." In addition to the aristocratic car travel by car, mainly for war. Warring States Period, due to the development of the war, the number of chariots become a symbol of the strength of a country, the so-called "thousand of the country", "million of the country" argument.
Qin Shi Huang unified China, the implementation of the "car with the track", the vehicle manufacturing technology and processes put forward higher requirements. Qin Shihuang five large-scale parade, the main means of transport is the carriage. Qin Dynasty on the carriage seems to have a special deep feelings, so far we can also leave the Terracotta Warriors in the Qin Dynasty, to see the chariot, chariot and other kind, to see the real thing with almost the same figure and horses Image. Beginning in 1974 to explore the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Pit, has unearthed more than 800 warrior figurines, wood chariot 18, Tao Ma more than 100 horses, bronze weapons, a total of more than 9000 pieces of vehicles. Such as the ranks of troops and horses in the form of recovery, three pit warrior figurines may have 7000, Sima chariot more than 100 vehicles, more than 1,000 horse horses. Terracotta warriors and horses of the huge lineup, the image of the armed forces to show the Qin Arrangement and weapons vehicles and so on. In 1980 unearthed two large-scale painted copper car, its size is true car horse 1/2. One car for the vertical car, that is, by the former guide car legislation. Length of 2.25 meters, 1.52 meters high. Single-house dual-yoke, set driving four horses, that is, the two 骖 two services. Car Yu was rectangular, the car set a round copper umbrella, an umbrella under a horse official figurines, hands holding bridle [pèi Pei]. There are copper square pot, bow, nick, arrowhead, shield and so on. Four copper horse are decorated gold and silver network head. Saddle with a number of text on 29, a total of 49 characters, are small Zhuan body. On the 2nd car for the car, that is, by the sedan car. Body length of 3.28 meters, 1.04 meters high. Cabin points before and after the two rooms, the front room for the cab, there is a 跽 [jì dollars] sitting in the Royal Horse Officer figurines, waist saber, executive bridle front. After the room for the main seat. The car has an oval-shaped cover. Car is also a single-wheel, before driving four copper horse. These precious cultural relics, completely simulated in-kind made, is an unprecedented archaeological discoveries, reflecting the carriage of our country more than 2,000 years ago the superb craftsmanship.
Source: Digital Museum of Science and Art
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