解码汉字5 石器时代的文化遗存------斫、破、砍、拓 5 stone age cultural relics ------ chop, broken, cut, extension

5  石器时代的文化遗存------斫、破、砍、拓   


石器時代，指人們以石頭作為工具使用的時代，這時因為科技不發達，人們只可以以石頭製造簡單的工具。而隨著時代的推進，人們對石器的研製也在不斷改進。而在時代劃分上，石器時代大致可分為舊石器時代，中石器時代和新石器時代三個時代。
石器由各种不同的石头做成。例如，燧石和角岩被削尖（或切成薄片）用来作为切东西的工具或武器，而玄武岩和沙岩则被用来制成石制磨具，比如手摇磨。木材、骨、贝壳、鹿角和其他的材料也被广泛地使用。在石器时代的后期，粘土等材质也被利用来制成陶器。
石器时代包含了人类进化过程中的第一次科技的大范围传播，以及人类从东非萨瓦纳地区（savannas）向世界其他地区的扩张。
石器是由許多不同種類的石頭製成，例如火石及燧石會磨利作為刀或是武器，而玄武岩及砂岩則被作為地面的石材。
汉字中记录石制工具的字很多，但有几个字与石器时代（新石器时代）紧密相联：

斤   甲骨文象曲柄斧形。会意砍伐。《说文》注：“斫木也。象形。”本义伐木，亦指砍伐木料之工具。斤除作工具外，还用作兵器。斤曾用作原始交换之斧子，故斤又作中国市制重量单位，1斤=10两，合500克。

斤 (量) jin, Chinese unit of weight(= 1/2 kilogram)

斫   甲骨文象以斧斫砍之形，旁以石为意符。《说文》注：“击也。从斤，石声。”斫谓砍、削。此字可能是石器时代劳动、生活之真实写照。

斫 (动) hack (with an axe or sword)

砍   砍是会意字。石为形符，表示砍刀是石制的；欠是人的砍劈动作。砍义为用石斧猛劈。泛指劈、剁。引申削减、除掉。

砍 (动) cut; chop; hack; hew

破   破是会意字，由石、手、皮三个象 形符号组成。石指使用的是石制刀具，皮指操作对象，“又”指持拿工具的手。《说文》注：“石碎也。从石,皮声。”破是石块碎裂或东西受到损伤而残缺。作动词，指打破（原有形态、格局、限制、纪录等）。引申毁坏、打败、攻克、劈开、揭穿、消除、除掉等。使整体变换成零碎亦曰破。破与“立”相对。

破Ⅰ(形) ① broken; damaged; torn; worn-out ② of poor quality Ⅱ(动) ① break; split; cleave; cut ② get rid of ; do away with; abolish ③ defeat ④ find out the truth about; lay bare

拓   拓是会意字。以手石组成。会意在石上拓取，也指手持工具开拓。《说文》注：“拾也。陈宋语。从手，石声。”拓本读zhi，义为拾取。又读tuo，用为开拓。字形象以手（持工具）劈石之形。引申开辟、扩充、拓展、拓荒等。
拓 (动) open up; develop

汉字初创于石器新石器时代，以石作工具的象形符号，而不是以金作形符，确切反映了当时的劳动状况。


5 stone age cultural relics ------ chop, broken, cut, extension

Stone Age, refers to the use of stone as a tool for the era, then because of underdeveloped technology, people can only create simple tools to stone. With the advance of the times, people on the development of stone is also constantly improving. In the division of the times, the Stone Age can be roughly divided into Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic times.
Stone is made of a variety of stones. For example, cherts and horns are sharpened (or cut into thin slices) to serve as tools or weapons for cutting, while basalt and sandstone are used to make stone tools, such as hand grinders. Wood, bones, shells, antlers and other materials are also widely used. In the late Stone Age, clay and other materials have also been used to make pottery.
The Stone Age encompassed the first widespread spread of science and technology in the course of human evolution and the expansion of mankind from the Savannas region of East Africa to the rest of the world.
Stone tools are made of many different types of stone, such as flint and flint will be sharpened as a knife or a weapon, and basalt and sandstone are used as the ground stone.
There are a lot of characters in stone, but there are several words that are closely related to the Stone Age (the Neolithic Age)
Jin bone like a crank ax-shaped. Knowing to cut down. "Said the text" Note: "Chop wood also. Pictograms." The original meaning of logging, also refers to the cutting of wood tools. In addition to tools, but also used as weapons. Jin has been used as the original exchange of ax, so the catties for the Chinese city system of weight units, 1 catty = 10 two, together 500 grams.
Jin Chinese unit of weight (= 1/2 kilogram)

Chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop chop ch "Said the text" Note: "strike also from the pounds, stone sound." Chop that cut, cut. This word may be stone age labor, a true portrayal of life.
Hack (with an ax or sword)

Cut cut is knowing the word. Stone for the character, said the machete is a stone system; owed the man hacking action. Cut meaning for the use of stone ax fierce hack. Refers to split, chop. Extended reduction, get rid of.
Chop; hack;

Broken is knowing the word, by the stone, hand, leather three pictographic symbols. Stone refers to the use of stone tools, leather refers to the operation of objects, "and" refers to holding tools of the hand. "Shuo Wen" Note: "Stone is also broken. From the stone, leather sound." Broken stone is broken or something damaged by incomplete. (2) To act as a verb, as in breaking down (original form, pattern, limitation, record, etc). To destroy, defeat, conquer, split, expose, remove, get rid of. So that the whole system is also broken into bits broken. Broken and "legislation" relative.
(1) broken (1) broken; broken; torn; worn-out ② of poor quality Ⅱ (action) ① break; split; cleave; cut ② get rid of; do away with; abolish ③ defeat ④ find out the truth about; Lay bare

Extension is knowing the word. To hand stone composition. Will be intended to expand the stone, but also refers to hand tools to open up. From the hand, stone sound. "Rubbings read zhi, meaning to pick up. Reading tuo, used as a pioneer. Word image to hand (holding tools) split stone shape. Extended to open up, expand, expand, pioneer and so on.
Open up;


Chinese characters originated in the Neolithic Age, stone tools for the pictographic symbols, rather than gold as a symbol, exactly reflects the working conditions at that time.