《汉字解码学》17 “窑”---彩陶文化的相关信息。 17 "kiln" --- pottery culture-related information.

《汉字解码学》17  “窑”---彩陶文化的相关信息。要制彩陶，必先有窑。仰韶文化时期的窑场，一般都建于村落外边。

窑   窑是形声字。穴为形符；为声符。《说文》注：“烧瓦灶也。从穴, 声。”窑即烧制砖瓦或陶瓷器皿之火灶。既指瓦窑、瓷窑，又指陶瓷器。借指人居之窑洞。

窑 [窯、窰] (名) ① kiln ② cave dwelling

仰韶文化年代約為公元前5000年～公元前3000年前，屬於新石器時代範疇的文化。分佈是以渭、汾、洛等黃河支流彙集的中原地區為中心，北達今長城沿線和河套地區，南達鄂西北，東至豫東一帶，西至甘、青接壤地帶，生產工具以發達的磨製石器為主，常見有刀、斧、錛、鑿、箭頭、紡織用的石紡輪等，骨器也相當精緻。各種水器、甑、灶等日用陶器以泥紅陶和夾砂紅褐陶為主，主要呈現紅色，紅陶器上常彩繪有幾何型圖案或動物型花紋，是仰韶文化最明顯特徵，故也稱為彩陶文化。

仰韶文化是一个以农业为主的文化，其村落或大或小，比较大的村落的房屋有一定的布局，村落外有墓地和窑场。村落内的房屋主要有圆形或方形两种半地穴式，早期的房屋以圆形单间为多，后期以方形多间为多。房屋的墙壁是泥做的，有用草混在里面的，也有用木头做支撑结构的。墙的外部多被裹草后点燃烧过，以加强其坚固度和耐水性。

仰韶文化的农耕石器包括石斧、石铲、磨盘等，除此之外还有骨器。除农耕外仰韶文化的人显然还进行渔猎。在出土的文物中有骨制的鱼钩、鱼叉、箭头等。仰韶文化前期的陶器多是手制的，中期开始出现轮制的。一些陶器上留有布和编织物印下来的纹路，由此可见仰韶文化有编织和织布的手工业。在发掘的动物骨头中除猎取的野生动物外还有大量狗和猪的骨格，羊比较少。

17 "kiln" --- pottery culture-related information. To make pottery, there must be a kiln. Yangshao period of the kiln, are generally built outside the village.
Kiln is a phonetic word. For the character; "Shuo Wen" Note: "burning tile stove also from the hole, sound." Kiln that is fired ceramic tile or ceramic fireplace. Both tile kiln, porcelain kiln, also refers to the ceramic. By means of living in the cave.

Kiln kiln kiln kiln kiln kiln kiln
Yangshao culture is about 5000 BC ~ 3000 BC, belong to the Neolithic category of culture. Distribution of the Wei, Fen, Luo and other tributaries of the Yellow River as the center of the Central Plains region, north along the Great Wall and Hetao region, south to northwest Hubei, east to east of the area, west to Gan, green border areas, production tools developed Of the grinding stone-based, common knife, ax, chisel, arrow, spinning stone spinning wheel, bone device is also very delicate. All kinds of pots, stoves, stoves and other household pottery to red mud pottery and red sandy brown pottery-based, mainly red, red pottery often painted with geometric patterns or animal patterns, Yangshao culture is the most obvious features, it is Also known as painted pottery culture.
Yangshao culture is an agriculture-based culture, the village is large or small, relatively large village houses have a certain layout, there are cemeteries and kilns outside the village. The village houses are mainly round or square two semi-crypt type, early houses to round single room for more, later to square more for many. The walls of the house is made of mud, there are grass mixed with the inside, but also useful to do support the structure of wood. The exterior of the wall is covered with straw and burned to enhance its firmness and water resistance.
Yangshao culture of stone tools, including stone axes, stone shovel, disc, in addition to bone device. In addition to farming outside the Yangshao culture is clearly also hunting and fishing. In the relics unearthed in the bone hooks, harpoon, arrows and so on. Yangshao culture in the early period of pottery is hand-made, the mid-round system began to appear. Some pottery on the left cloth and knitted fabric printed down the lines, we can see Yangshao culture weaving and weaving of the handicraft industry. In the excavation of animal bones in addition to hunting wild animals outside there are a large number of dog and pig bone, sheep is relatively small.