星 甲骨文以众星上列于天界表示群星。《说文》注：“万物之精，上为列星。从晶（以三个日代表众星，作形符），生声。一曰象形。”星指天空中除太阳、月亮以外之发光天体，应当说也包括太阳在内。古人认为世间万物之精气，上升于天形成列星。引申指形状象星之事物，也指零碎细小闪亮之物。
星 (名) ① star ② bit; particle
象 甲骨文象长有大耳、长鼻及庞大身躯之大象形。《说文》注：“长鼻、牙，南越大兽。三年一乳。象耳、牙，四足之形。”象指大象。借指形象。作动词，指模仿、仿效。象形文字，是指以描摹实物形状为基本方法所造出之文字。
象 (名) ① elephant ② appearance
象形文字 [shiang shing wen dsi] (名) pictograph; hieroglyph
35 "Star" and "Elephant" - the Beginning of Astronomy.
Star Oracle to the stars listed on the horizon that stars. "Said the text" Note: "the essence of all things, for the stars from the crystal (on behalf of the stars for three days, as a symbol), Sheng sound." Star refers to the sky in addition to the sun, the moon outside Light-emitting objects, it should be said, including the sun. The ancients believed that the essence of all things in the world, rose in the formation of stars. Extended refers to the shape of things like the stars, but also refers to the small pieces of shiny things.
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Like the elephant bones like big ears, long nose and large body of the elephant-shaped. "Said the text" Note: "long nose, teeth, South Vietnamese beast. Three years a milk. Elephant ears, teeth, four feet of the shape. By referring to the image. As a verb, imitation, imitation. Hieroglyphs, refers to describe the physical shape as the basic method to create the text.
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Hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic
China and the nomadic-based country is different, is the creation of advanced agriculture ancient civilizations. Every advance of agricultural development in ancient times, are inseparable from the astronomical calendar achievements. The Yellow River Basin is the cradle of the Chinese nation, in the four or five thousand years ago, not only highly developed agriculture, but also produced a astronomical calendar made important contributions to the character, he is Peter. Said he was well-deserved of ancient astronomers, because he is not only a celebrity in China's astronomical calendar, is the United Kingdom Dr. Joseph Needham in the astronomical calendar for the contribution of all mankind also spoke highly of. [1]
According to "the first year of Zuo Zhao Gong," records, lease (阏 Bo) is the son of the emperor, was sealed for the fire. Fire is the management of fire duties, the "fire" refers to the big Mars in the sky, not the common human fire. Big Mars referred to as Mars, fire and so on.
"Zuo Zhao Gong first year" records: Gaoxin Shi has two sons, big called deed (阏 Bo), two called real Shen. They had lived together in the wilderness, fighting all day, conquering each other. The emperor 喾 no way, had to move to Shang Bo Qiu Bo, let him manage the star of the East - Mars, also known as Chen Xing, Shang Xing; move real sink in the summer (now Shanxi Taiyuan), to manage the stars. Since then, the two brothers living side, never meet. The star and the star are located at the ends of the astronomical ecliptic. When the stars rise from the East, the stars have not been in the Western parameters of the horizon; and when the stars rose from the East, the stars did not in the Western horizon, the two stars will not appear in the sky at the same time, so there The "business to parting" story.
"Zuo Xianggong nine years" and remember: "the fire is the ancient or fresh in the heart, or food and Yu, to the fire, so it is for the quail fire, heart for the fire." Western Jin Du Du Note: The fire is the official food with food in the moon.Jian Chen month, quail Mars fainted in the south, then the people set fire.Ju month, the big Mars in the sunset, the night may not see, then the people of the fire, the ban on fire. This means that: at the end of March, the big Mars appeared, Bo Bo called on people to set fire to the famine; in September when the quail fire (referring to Liu Xing) appears, that is, in the evening when the big Mars did not see, Bo Bo on people call home fire , Not allowed to set fire outside. Later, the fire became the fire of the sky, that Mars.
Mars is the twenty-eight places in the East Palace seven places of the heart of the second (the Shang Dynasty is divided into four palace, namely the East Palace black dragon, Palace Suzaku, Nishinomiya white tiger, North Palace basalt Mars is the East Palace of the fourth, And the heart, that Scorpio a; Participation is the "Historical Records Temple of the book," said the White Tiger, Orion in the West are the main star), First, because Mars is a red first-class stars, easy to see Remember, the second is that it is a star, can be used as a fixed mark, and whenever the big Mars at the dawn of the East when the time happens to be China's agricultural "vernal equinox" season, when the big Mars in the West when not seen again "Autumnal Equinox" season. Therefore, the later Shang Dynasty put the big Mars appeared in the dawn of the first morning saw the month as the year of the year, this is the lunar calendar. The end of the lunar calendar is when Mars is not visible, when the sun again to the heart of the place 15 degrees east of the place, the big Mars before sunrise in the early morning before reappearance in the East.
"Xun Zhaogong seventeen years" Kong Yingda "justice" records: "fire that the big e .. Li Xun: 'Big Chen: Canglong places of the heart, to be four o'clock, so Yue Chen. "The fire, the heart, in the most clear, so when the main Yan." That is to say the big Mars as the people to determine the exact time, as the "punctuation in mind in mind." May be because it dawn early, so called "Chen Xing". This is probably the ancestors of the Yin people who served as the fire of the official position, but also he discovered the reason the operation of the Mars, later developed what people call the "Yin calendar" , So people call it "business star". It is this great contribution of mankind to the human race, whether it is descendants of the Yin people or other places are very revered to him, and to worship him as a god. "Jin Yu four Mandarin language," said: "I heard the beginning of the closure of Jin also, the age of the fire, the Bo star also, real businessman." Shang ancestors and later business people put the planet of Mars as a meteoric change A sign of the fall of fortune and fortune. Such as: "Zuo Xianggong nine years" contains: "Tao Tang's fire is Bo Zhu Shangqiu, worship the fire, and the fire when the Ji Yan phase with the soil, so the owner of the fire. "For the ancients, which stars in the Ershibasu is not as important as the Mars, which is why it is subject to people's attention." Probably because of the invention of the calendar to the fire calendar (about 2400 BC, the legendary Yao and Shun era), so this is the beginning of the Shang Dynasty people will be together with the Big Bo and Mars worship.
Yin Xinshi inscriptions have a "seven days has been one by one, [Gengwu] (with) star and fire", the meaning is (the seventh day after the Guihai) has been at night the day (called dark days, easy day, quiet days And so on), the merchant in the next day line "Yoo", "new" two offerings, so the big day that night, the fire seen in the night sky, "ten official Geng line" and "sacrifice fire. This is the main sacrificial rituals of the precious materials of Mars. The sacrifices of the Shang Dynasty and the observance of the Great Mars became one of the most important events of the country. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty will also be together with the big Mars Mars worship, such as "Zuo Zhuan justice" Kong Yingda mind: "fire is the official residence of active duty, worship Mars when the fire is the god with food ... ... and fire with food On Mars, with its active in the fire, sacrifice Mars and after the Ji, with days, and with millet.
Since the moon's orbit around the Earth is 365.24 days a year, and the Earth's orbit around the sun is 354-355 days a year, a difference of 10 to 11 days, so people need to continue to adjust - the number of days. Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars once met once every 516.33 years, this is around 290 BC, "Mencius" in the "five", "Jubilee," and " A hundred years must be a saint out of "the source of the argument.
This is a 17-meter-high rammed earth station. According to Suiyang District, cultural relics department of exploration, proved that it is the heyday of the pile of rammed earth station, which is more in line with the situation at that time, because he was observing Mars, just standing Gaogang zone can see clearly. Ancient measures of the sun and the moon and stars often used an immediate approach. Modern archeology for the ancients to sacrifice the Martian found a physical basis, such as the Yangshao culture Miao Digou type pottery basin, according to Mr. Feng Shi research is the painting of the image of Mars, the Yangshao culture of late The picture, the two stars of the graphics, warring States Zeng Houyi tomb box box star map, there are large images of Mars, it appears that the lease (阏 Bo) in the ancient worship is a very common phenomenon.
象形文字 [shiang shing wen dsi] (名) pictograph; hieroglyph
中国与以游牧为主的国家不同，是以先进的农业创建了文明古国。远古时期农业发展的每一个进步，都离不开天文历法方面取得的成就。黄河流域是中华民族的摇篮，在距今四五千年的时候，不仅农业高度发达，而且还产生了一位在天文历法方面取得重要功绩的人物，他就是阏伯。称他为远古时代的天文学家当之无愧，因为他不仅是中国研究天文历法的名人，就是英国的李约瑟博士对阏伯在天文历法方面为全人类所做的贡献也予以高度评价。[1]
《左传·昭公元年》记载：高辛氏有二子，大的叫契（閼伯），二的叫实沈。他们原来一起住在旷野里，整天打架，互相征伐。帝喾没有办法，只好把阏伯迁于商丘，让他管理东方的那颗星星－－大火星，也叫辰星、商星；迁实沈于大夏(今山西太原)，去管理参星。从此，兄弟二人各居一方，永不能相见了。这颗商星和参星位于天文学上的黄道的东西两端。每当商星从东方升起，参星已没于西方的地平线下；而当参星从东方升起，商星也没于西方地平线下，二星在天空中绝不会同时出现，所以就有了“参商离别”的故事。
《左传·襄公九年》又记：“古之火正或食于心，或食与咮，以出内火，是故咮为鹑火，心为大火。”西晋·杜预注：“谓火正之官配食于火星。建辰之月，鹑火星昏在南方，则令民放火。建戌之月，大火星伏在日下，夜不得见，则令民内火，禁放火。”这意思是说：三月末时，大火星出现，阏伯就号召人们放火烧荒；在九月鹑火(指柳星)出现时，也就是在黄昏大火星不见时，阏伯就号召人们在家生火，不准在外放火。后来这个火就成了天上之火，也即大火星。
大火星是二十八宿中东宫七宿之心宿二(商代把天划分为四个宫，即东宫苍龙、南宫朱雀、西宫白虎、北宫玄武。火星属东宫中央的第四、第五宿——房和心，即天蝎座a；参星则是《史记·天宫书》中所说的白虎，在西方属于猎户座的主星)，一是因为大火星是一颗红色的一等亮星，便于人看见记住；二是它是一颗恒星，可作固定的标记，而且每当大火星在东方黎明时出现的时候正好是我国农时“春分”的季节，当大火星在西方不见的时候又是在“秋分”的季节。所以，后来的商朝就把大火星出现于黎明前第一次晨见之月定为一年的岁首，这就是阴历。阴历年的终结正是大火星伏而不见之时，当太阳再次行到心宿以东15°以外的地方时，大火星才在凌晨日出之前重新出现于东方。
《左传·昭公十七年》孔颖达《正义》记载：“大火谓之大辰。李巡云：‘大辰：苍龙宿之心，以候四时，故曰辰。’孔炎曰‘龙星明者以为时候，故曰大辰。’大火，心也，在中最明，故时候主焉。”就是说把大火星当成了人们确定的准确时间，作为“天上的标点记”。可能是因为它黎明时初现，所以称为“辰星”。那么，为什么又称为“商星”呢?这大概是殷人的祖先阏伯担任了火正的官职，又是他发现了大火星运行的道理，制定了后来人们所说的“殷历”，所以，人们又称它为“商星”。正是阏伯对人类的这一伟大贡献，无论是殷人的后裔或其他地方的人都对他非常崇敬，并把他作为神来崇拜。《国语·晋语四》记载说：“吾闻晋之始封也，岁在大火，阏伯之星也，实纪商人。”商祖和以后商国的人就把大火星的天象变化作为祸福降临的预兆。如《左传·襄公九年》载：“陶唐氏之火正阏伯居商丘，祀大火，而火纪时焉。相土因之，故商主大火。商人阅其祸败之衅，必始于火，是以日知其有天道也。”对于古人来说，二十八宿中哪颗星也不像大火星那样重要，这正是它受到人们重视的原因。大概也是因阏伯发明了以火纪时的历法(约在公元前2400年，传说中的尧舜时代)，所以至此在商代人们便开始将阏伯与大火星一同祭祀了。
殷墟卜辞中有一条“七日已巳夕壹，[庚午](有)新星并火”，辞意是(癸亥)后第七天已巳晚上昏天(当时叫晦天、易日、幽天等)，商人于次日行“侑”、“新”二祭，于是当晚天大晴，大火见于夜空，“十官赓行”，并“祭祀大火”。这是殷人主祀大火星的珍贵资料。殷商时期祭祀和观察大火星的活动成了国家的头等大事之一。东周以后也将阏伯同大火星一同祭祀，如《左传正义》孔颖达记：“火正之官居职有功，祀火星之时以此火正之神配食也。……而火正又配食于火星者，以其于火有功，祭火星又之后稷，得配天，又配稷。”
由于月亮围绕地球运转的周期一年是365.24天，而地球围绕太阳运转周期一年是354—355日，两者相差10一ll日，所以，人们就需要不断地调整—年的天数。周朝时，人们又知道了木星和土星每隔59.5779年差不多在天空中的同一点上会合一次，木星、土星和大火星每隔516.33年会合一次，这就是公元前290年左右《孟子》中“五百年必有圣人出”的说法的来源。
今阏伯台是高17米的夯土台建筑。据睢阳区文物部门的勘探，证明它是上古时期堆上的夯土台，这就比较符合当时的状况，因为，阏伯当时观察火星，只需要站在高岗地带能看得清楚即可。古代测量日月星辰的办法常采用立竿见影的方法。现代的考古学也为古人祭祀大火星找到了实物依据，如仰韶文化庙底沟类型的彩陶盆上，据冯时先生考证认为就是画的大火星的形象，濮阳西水坡仰韶文化晚期更有了参、商二星的图形，战国曾侯乙墓器箱星图，也有大火星图像，看来，契（閼伯）在古代受到崇敬是很常见的现象。
（资料来源于百度百科）
（资料来源于百度百科）
Star Oracle to the stars listed on the horizon that stars. "Said the text" Note: "the essence of all things, for the stars from the crystal (on behalf of the stars for three days, as a symbol), Sheng sound." Star refers to the sky in addition to the sun, the moon outside Light-emitting objects, it should be said, including the sun. The ancients believed that the essence of all things in the world, rose in the formation of stars. Extended refers to the shape of things like the stars, but also refers to the small pieces of shiny things.
"Star" powered by
Like the elephant bones like big ears, long nose and large body of the elephant-shaped. "Said the text" Note: "long nose, teeth, South Vietnamese beast. Three years a milk. Elephant ears, teeth, four feet of the shape. By referring to the image. As a verb, imitation, imitation. Hieroglyphs, refers to describe the physical shape as the basic method to create the text.
"Elephant" powered by
Hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic hieroglyphic
China and the nomadic-based country is different, is the creation of advanced agriculture ancient civilizations. Every advance of agricultural development in ancient times, are inseparable from the astronomical calendar achievements. The Yellow River Basin is the cradle of the Chinese nation, in the four or five thousand years ago, not only highly developed agriculture, but also produced a astronomical calendar made important contributions to the character, he is Peter. Said he was well-deserved of ancient astronomers, because he is not only a celebrity in China's astronomical calendar, is the United Kingdom Dr. Joseph Needham in the astronomical calendar for the contribution of all mankind also spoke highly of. [1]
According to "the first year of Zuo Zhao Gong," records, lease (阏 Bo) is the son of the emperor, was sealed for the fire. Fire is the management of fire duties, the "fire" refers to the big Mars in the sky, not the common human fire. Big Mars referred to as Mars, fire and so on.
"Zuo Zhao Gong first year" records: Gaoxin Shi has two sons, big called deed (阏 Bo), two called real Shen. They had lived together in the wilderness, fighting all day, conquering each other. The emperor 喾 no way, had to move to Shang Bo Qiu Bo, let him manage the star of the East - Mars, also known as Chen Xing, Shang Xing; move real sink in the summer (now Shanxi Taiyuan), to manage the stars. Since then, the two brothers living side, never meet. The star and the star are located at the ends of the astronomical ecliptic. When the stars rise from the East, the stars have not been in the Western parameters of the horizon; and when the stars rose from the East, the stars did not in the Western horizon, the two stars will not appear in the sky at the same time, so there The "business to parting" story.
"Zuo Xianggong nine years" and remember: "the fire is the ancient or fresh in the heart, or food and Yu, to the fire, so it is for the quail fire, heart for the fire." Western Jin Du Du Note: The fire is the official food with food in the moon.Jian Chen month, quail Mars fainted in the south, then the people set fire.Ju month, the big Mars in the sunset, the night may not see, then the people of the fire, the ban on fire. This means that: at the end of March, the big Mars appeared, Bo Bo called on people to set fire to the famine; in September when the quail fire (referring to Liu Xing) appears, that is, in the evening when the big Mars did not see, Bo Bo on people call home fire , Not allowed to set fire outside. Later, the fire became the fire of the sky, that Mars.
Mars is the twenty-eight places in the East Palace seven places of the heart of the second (the Shang Dynasty is divided into four palace, namely the East Palace black dragon, Palace Suzaku, Nishinomiya white tiger, North Palace basalt Mars is the East Palace of the fourth, And the heart, that Scorpio a; Participation is the "Historical Records Temple of the book," said the White Tiger, Orion in the West are the main star), First, because Mars is a red first-class stars, easy to see Remember, the second is that it is a star, can be used as a fixed mark, and whenever the big Mars at the dawn of the East when the time happens to be China's agricultural "vernal equinox" season, when the big Mars in the West when not seen again "Autumnal Equinox" season. Therefore, the later Shang Dynasty put the big Mars appeared in the dawn of the first morning saw the month as the year of the year, this is the lunar calendar. The end of the lunar calendar is when Mars is not visible, when the sun again to the heart of the place 15 degrees east of the place, the big Mars before sunrise in the early morning before reappearance in the East.
"Xun Zhaogong seventeen years" Kong Yingda "justice" records: "fire that the big e .. Li Xun: 'Big Chen: Canglong places of the heart, to be four o'clock, so Yue Chen. "The fire, the heart, in the most clear, so when the main Yan." That is to say the big Mars as the people to determine the exact time, as the "punctuation in mind in mind." May be because it dawn early, so called "Chen Xing". This is probably the ancestors of the Yin people who served as the fire of the official position, but also he discovered the reason the operation of the Mars, later developed what people call the "Yin calendar" , So people call it "business star". It is this great contribution of mankind to the human race, whether it is descendants of the Yin people or other places are very revered to him, and to worship him as a god. "Jin Yu four Mandarin language," said: "I heard the beginning of the closure of Jin also, the age of the fire, the Bo star also, real businessman." Shang ancestors and later business people put the planet of Mars as a meteoric change A sign of the fall of fortune and fortune. Such as: "Zuo Xianggong nine years" contains: "Tao Tang's fire is Bo Zhu Shangqiu, worship the fire, and the fire when the Ji Yan phase with the soil, so the owner of the fire. "For the ancients, which stars in the Ershibasu is not as important as the Mars, which is why it is subject to people's attention." Probably because of the invention of the calendar to the fire calendar (about 2400 BC, the legendary Yao and Shun era), so this is the beginning of the Shang Dynasty people will be together with the Big Bo and Mars worship.
Yin Xinshi inscriptions have a "seven days has been one by one, [Gengwu] (with) star and fire", the meaning is (the seventh day after the Guihai) has been at night the day (called dark days, easy day, quiet days And so on), the merchant in the next day line "Yoo", "new" two offerings, so the big day that night, the fire seen in the night sky, "ten official Geng line" and "sacrifice fire. This is the main sacrificial rituals of the precious materials of Mars. The sacrifices of the Shang Dynasty and the observance of the Great Mars became one of the most important events of the country. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty will also be together with the big Mars Mars worship, such as "Zuo Zhuan justice" Kong Yingda mind: "fire is the official residence of active duty, worship Mars when the fire is the god with food ... ... and fire with food On Mars, with its active in the fire, sacrifice Mars and after the Ji, with days, and with millet.
Since the moon's orbit around the Earth is 365.24 days a year, and the Earth's orbit around the sun is 354-355 days a year, a difference of 10 to 11 days, so people need to continue to adjust - the number of days. Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars once met once every 516.33 years, this is around 290 BC, "Mencius" in the "five", "Jubilee," and " A hundred years must be a saint out of "the source of the argument.
This is a 17-meter-high rammed earth station. According to Suiyang District, cultural relics department of exploration, proved that it is the heyday of the pile of rammed earth station, which is more in line with the situation at that time, because he was observing Mars, just standing Gaogang zone can see clearly. Ancient measures of the sun and the moon and stars often used an immediate approach. Modern archeology for the ancients to sacrifice the Martian found a physical basis, such as the Yangshao culture Miao Digou type pottery basin, according to Mr. Feng Shi research is the painting of the image of Mars, the Yangshao culture of late The picture, the two stars of the graphics, warring States Zeng Houyi tomb box box star map, there are large images of Mars, it appears that the lease (阏 Bo) in the ancient worship is a very common phenomenon.
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