《汉字解码学》五、转注组字法 Five, turn note group word method

《汉字解码学》五、转注组字法。许慎《说文解字》注：“五曰转注。转注者，建类一首，同意相受，考老是也。”建类一首，就是分开部首，聚成“字族”，依字含意，相互贯通。

汉字的基本要素是“象形”，形是可以分类的，例如：大自然有山、水、木、石、土、田、金、日、月、光、雨、火等；人体形态有头、手、足、耳、目、口、心、脑、鼻、皮、肉、骨等；动物有豕、牛、马、羊、犬、鹿、豸等等。

这些分门别类的字词，在外国语中相互很少关联，而在汉语中却呈现出许多互联的、有序的、有机的组合。例如一个木字，至少可以分出：

① 部位与形态：木、林、森、根、枝、梢、叶、杆、条等

② 乔木：松、柏、杉、杨、槐、柳、樟、檀、栎、桑、桂等；

③ 果木：桃、李、杏、橘、柑、桔、柿、梨、果等；

④ 木制器物：柜、橱、箱、栅、槛、栏、桌、椅、架、梯、桨等；

⑤ 与木字相关的动作：相、查、检、核、校、楷、横、榨、染等。
在甲骨文中，老是象一个躬着背的老人，头上有长发。考也是一位长发老人，手中拿有一根棍子。在篆书中，老字下面加个毛字，就是耄，指六十以上的老人；老字下面加个至字，就是耋，指七、八十岁的老人。这些，都是运用转注组字法的实例。

Five, turn note group word method. Xu Shen, "Shuowen Jiezi" Note: "Five Yue Note. Note to those who, to build a class, agree to accept that the test is also old." Construction of a class, that is, separate radicals, together into "word family" The meaning of the word, through each other.
Water, wood, stone, soil, fields, gold, day, month, light, rain, fire, etc .; the human body has a head shape, the shape of the body is the shape of the body, Animals, hogs, cattle, horses, sheep, dogs, deer, and so on, and so on.
These categories of words in foreign languages are rarely associated with each other, but in the Chinese language has shown many interconnected, orderly, organic combination. For example, a wooden word, at least can be separated:
① parts and forms: wood, forest, forest, roots, branches, shoots, leaves, rods, and so on
② trees: pine, cypress, fir, Yang, Huai, Liu, camphor, Tan, oak, mulberry, Gui, and so on;
③ fruit: peach, plum, apricot, orange, orange, orange, persimmon, pear, fruit, etc .;
④ wooden objects: cabinet, cabinet, box, gate, sill, bar, table, chair, frame, ladder, paddle,

⑤ and wood-related actions: phase, check, check, nuclear, school, Kai, horizontal, pressing, dyeing and so on.
In Oracle, always like a bowed back of the elderly, the head has long hair. Examination is also a long hair, holding a stick in the hands. In the seal script, the old word to add a hair below the word, is Mao, refers to more than sixty elderly; old words to add the word to the following, is Die, referring to seven, eighty-year-old. These are examples of the use of word-shifting.