《汉字解码学》36 “曆”是中国曆法创立的文字记载。“曆”与“历”可以通用，《史记》通用为历，现在简化字也统一为“历”。
历 甲骨文象用足走过树林或庄稼地之形。会意经历。《说文》注：“过也。”许铉注：“曆，历象也。从日,历声。《史记》通用历。”历指经过，经历。作名词，指自身亲历之事，也指历史。用于历法，指年历、太阳历、阴历（殷历）、汉历等。
历 [厯、曆]Ⅰ(动) go through undergo; experience Ⅱ(形) all previous (occasions, sessions, etc.) Ⅲ(副) covering all; one by one Ⅳ(名) [暦] calendar
《百度百科》说：从历法的发展史来看，所有古老文化的国家如埃及、巴比伦、印度、希腊、罗马和中国，最初统是用阴历的。因为月亮的盈亏朔望周期非常明显，所以把29天或30天称为一个月，把12个月称为一年，便成为古老国家最初的年历。但是阴历一月之长，即月亮绕地球周期约为29天半；而太阳年一年之长，即地球绕日的周期约为365天又四分之一日。如以12个月为一年，只有354天或者355天，与太阳年相差几乎11天。过10多年，就有6月降霜下雪、腊月挥扇出汗、冬夏倒置的毛病。古代国家农业慢慢地发展以后，就发现纯粹用阴历历法、月份和春、夏、秋、冬四季，农业节候配合不上，为了解决这阴、阳历的矛盾，古代有两种办法：一种办法是放弃阴历月亮盈亏作为计算月份方法，而以太阳回归年即365又四分之一天为一年，把年分为12个月，平年365天，闰年366天，4年一闰。这是公元前46年西洋罗马所采取的办法。另一办法是找出阳历年的日数和阴历月的日数两者之间的最小公倍数，这就是我国古代颛顼历的十九年七闰的办法。因为阴历的235个月的日数却等于19个阳历年的日数。据日本天文学家新城新藏的考据，十九年七闰的办法是我国春秋时代已经应用的。我们古代从早的颛顼历（殷历）以及汉朝太初历、四分历统是依照此法安排的。但这一安排虽可以调和阴阳历，不至于冬夏倒置，但平年354天，闰年384天，一年中节气仍然可以相差一个月，对于农业操作安排上仍然不够精密，所以到了战国末年又建立二十四节气，和阴历相辅而行。到了东汉时代又发现一节一气尚有15天多的间隔，才又创立一年七十二候。这是我们旧历发展的经过。直到今天，由于历法中有节气变化，跟农业种植活动密切相关，所以“阴历”在国人尤其是农民的生活中起着举足轻重的作用。
所以我国的传统历法从严格意义上说不应该叫阴历，它是阴阳历。现被叫做“农历”，这是文革期间所谓除四旧的结果，其实这个叫法也很不妥，它在季节上的日期游移可达一个月，并不是很适宜农业生产。准确说应该叫做“汉历”。（此称呼，是根据此历是汉武帝时议造的这《汉历》规则，以及清康熙御制《汉历大全》对此历的称呼，而得出的此历自古就称为“汉历”。）汉历运用了设置闰月和二十四节气的办法，使得历年的平均长度等于回归年，这样它就又具有了阳历的成分。这个角度上说，汉历有了其优势。它比较好的协调了太阳、月亮的周期，实现了阴阳合一，是世界上科学的天文日历之一。
Calendar like a foot through the woods or crops with the feet of the shape. Knowing experience. "Shuo Wen" Note: "too have." Xu Xuan Note: "Calendar, calendar as also from the Japanese, calendar sound." Historical Records "GM calendar. As a noun, referring to their own experience of things, but also refers to history. For calendars, referring to the calendar, the sun calendar, lunar calendar (Yin calendar), Han and so on.
Li [Li, Li] Ⅰ (Dynamic) go through undergo; experience Ⅱ (shape) all previous (occasions, sessions, etc.) Ⅲ (deputy) covering all; one by one Ⅳ (name) [Gregorian calendar] calendar
"Baidu Encyclopedia" said: From the calendar of the history of development, all the ancient cultural countries such as Egypt, Babylon, India, Greece, Rome and China, the first system is the lunar calendar. Because the lunar cycle of the moon's profit and loss is very obvious, so the 29 days or 30 days as a month, the 12 months as one year, will become the oldest national calendar. But the length of the lunar month in January, the moon around the Earth cycle is about 29 days and a half; and the sun year long, that the Earth around the cycle of about 365 days and a quarter of the day. Such as 12 months for a year, only 354 days or 355 days, and the sun year difference of almost 11 days. Over 10 years, there are June frost snow, the twelfth lunar month fan sweating, winter and summer upside down problems. In ancient times, agriculture developed slowly, and it was discovered that purely using the lunar calendar, the month and the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, the agricultural festival is not on, in order to solve this Yin and Gregorian contradictions, ancient two ways: The method is to give up the lunar month profit and loss as a method of calculating the month, and the return of the sun 365 years and a quarter of a year for the year, the year is divided into 12 months, 365 days in a year, leap year 366 days, 4 years a leap. This was the approach taken by Atlantic Rome in 46 BC. Another way is to find the number of days of the Gregorian calendar year and the number of days of the lunar calendar the least common multiple between the two, this is our ancient Zhuanxu calendar 19 years seven leap approach. Because the lunar calendar 235 months the number of days is equal to the 19 solar calendar days. According to the Japanese astronomer Xincang Xincang textual research, nineteen years seven leap approach is China's Spring and Autumn Period has been applied. In ancient China, the four-point system was arranged according to this law from the early Ch'u-hsuan (Yin-li) and the Han dynasty. But this arrangement can reconcile the lunisolar calendar, and will not turn upside down in winter and summer, but the average 354 days, leap year 384 days, the year the solar terms can still differ by a month, for agricultural operation arrangements are still not precise enough, so to the end of the Warring States and the establishment of twenty Four solar terms, and the lunar calendar. To the Eastern Han Dynasty and found a stretch there are more than 15 days interval, before the creation of seventy-two year. This is the development of our old calendar through. Until today, due to changes in the calendrical calendar, with agricultural planting activities are closely related, so the "lunar calendar" in the lives of people, especially farmers play a pivotal role.
Therefore, China's traditional calendar from the strict sense that should not be called the lunar calendar, it is the yin and yang calendar. Is called the "Lunar New Year", which is the so-called four years old during the Cultural Revolution results, in fact, this name is also very wrong, it is the date of the season wander up to a month, not very suitable for agricultural production. Accurate that should be called "Han". (This title is based on this calendar is the Han Emperor made when the proposed "Han" rule, and the Qing Emperor Kangxi Imperial system "Han Daquan" this calendar call, and come to this calendar since ancient times known as the "Han Calendar. ") The Chinese calendar used to set the intercalary month and 24 solar terms approach, making the calendar year is equal to the average length of the return year, so it has the composition of the Gregorian calendar. This perspective, the Chinese calendar has its advantages. It is better coordination of the sun, the moon cycle, to achieve the unity of yin and yang, is one of the world's scientific astronomical calendar.
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