《汉字解码学》六、假借组字法 Sixth, under the guise of the word method

《汉字解码学》六、假借组字法。在汉字中，有些字是很难造的，例如一些很抽象的字，一些用作虚词的字，採用象形、指事、会意、形声、转注的方法，都无法表达，就使用假借法。
    为甚麽的“麽”字，它的原形是指石磨的“磨”，像上下两块磨石相叠之形。以后将石与麻字合组为形声字，成了“磨”字。麽字就由磨子的磨假借而来。

么    么是形声字。么为形符，象石磨之上扇与下扇。麻是声符。徐铉注：“细也。从么,麻声。”磨石有上下两片，各片均有条槽，粮食经条槽交错搓磨而成细末，故磨含“细”义。作询问词，有“这么”“那么”“什么”“多么”“怎么”等多个含义。

么 [麽] a suffix

多么 [duo me] [叹]how

怎么 [dsen me] why; how

这么 [dze me] such; so; in this way

什么 [szen me] what

    生长的“长”字，也是难以表达出来的字，就假借长短的“长”

长   甲骨文象长发拄杖老人之形。《说文》注：“久远也。从兀，从七。兀者，高远意也。久则变化。亡声。亡者，倒亡也。”徐铉注：“倒亡，不亡也。长久之意也。”长为时间久，空间远。长也指长度，与“短“相对。此处借用，读zhǎng音，指长幼之长，又指生长之长。也指排行第一、领导者、负责人。引申增进、增强。

长 [長]Ⅰ(形) ① older; elder; senior ② eldest; oldest Ⅱ(名) chief; head Ⅲ(动) ① grow; develop ② come into being; begin to grow; form ③ acquire; enhance; increase

    令的原形是指铃子的“铃”，上为铃盖，下为铃铛。以后将令字与金字合组为形声字，用为铃铛的铃。“令”字就假借为命令的令。

令   甲骨文令与命同为一字。令象发出号令之形。上为铃身，下铃铛。《说文》注：“令，发号也。” 徐铉注：“号令者，集而为之节制也。”令是指节制号令众人。

令 （动）command

    然字是火上烤肉，火上浇（滴）油就是然。肉在右边，火在左边（犬是讹写），下边也是火。以后将它变成形声字，再在旁边加个“火”就专用作燃烧的“燃”。“然”就假借作“然而”的然，自然的然，仍然的然。

然   然是形声会意字。由火、肉、火三部组成，示意在火上烧肉，会意燃烧。火为形符。《说文》注：“烧也。从火，声。”“然或从草、难。”然，指燃烧。借用作代词、连词、形容词后，另作燃字代替然字之原义。然改用作代词，相当于“这样”“那样。”作后缀，表示事物或动作之状态，如忽然、偶然等。作形容词，形容“对”或“正确”。作连词，表示转折，相当于“然而”“但是。”

然Ⅰ(形) ① right; correct ② like that Ⅱ(连) but; however; nevertheless

    这是一种巧妙的借用方法。古代华夏民族的人民，以他们的聪明才智，解决了这些难题。


Sixth, under the guise of the word method. In Chinese characters, some words are difficult to make, for example, some very abstract words, some words used as a function word, the use of pictographic, pointing, knowing, phonetic, to note the method can not be expressed.
    Why "Mody" word, its prototype refers to the stone "grinding", like the upper and lower two rubble stacked shape. Stone and Ma will be combined after the word for the formation of sound-shaped word, has become a "grinding" word. Mody by the grinding of the word under the guise of borrowed.
What is the phonetic word. What for the character, like a stone above the fan and the next fan. Ma is the sound symbol. Xu Xuan Note: "fine also. From what, Ma sound." There are two upper and lower millstone, the film has a groove, grain staggered by grinding groove from fine, so grinding with "fine" meaning. As "interrogative", "so", "so", "what", "how" and "how".
What is it?
How  [sigh] how
How  why; how
So   such; so; in this way

What what

    Growth of the "long" word, but also difficult to express the word, on the premise of the length of the "long"
Long Oracle as long hair Zhu stick old shape. "Shuowen" Note: "Long also. From Wu, from the seven. Wu who, lofty meaning also. Long time is changing. Death sound. Death, death also." Xu Xuan Note: "death, death also. The meaning is also. "Long for a long time, far away. Long also refers to the length, and "short" relative. Here to borrow, read zhǎng sound, referring to long and young long, but also refers to the growth of the long. Also refers to the first, leader, responsible person. Extended to enhance, enhance.

 Let the prototype is the bell of the "bell", for the bell cover, under the bell. After the word and the word will be combined with the word group for the phonetic characters, as the bell bell. "Order" under the guise of the order.
Order to make the same with the word Oracle. Let the command as the shape. On the bell body, under the bell. Xu Wen Note: "command, set and the restraint also." "Order is to control all orders."

However, the word is the fire barbecue, fire pouring (drops) of oil is natural. Meat on the right, the fire on the left (the dog is falsely written), the bottom is the fire. After it into phonetic characters, and then in the next to add a "fire" is dedicated to burning "burning." "Ran" on the assumption that "However," of course, naturally, is still natural.
However, the word is knowing the word. By the fire, meat, fire, composed of three, indicating the fire on the pork, knowing burning. Fire for the character. From the fire, sound. "" However, or from the grass, it is difficult. "However, referring to burning. Borrowed as pronouns, conjunctions, adjectives, the other for the burning word instead of the original meaning of the word. The suffix, the state of things or actions, such as sudden, accidental and so on. As an adjective, to describe "right" or "right." As a conjunction, that a turning point, equivalent to "However," "But.
 ① right; correct ② like that      (even) but; however; nevertheless


    This is a clever way to borrow. The ancient Chinese people, with their ingenuity, solve these problems.