琴 甲骨文还未见到琴字。篆书“琴”是象形字，象古琴之形，有一弧形的琴身、二琴弦。《说文》注：“禁也。神农所作，洞越、练朱五弦，周加二弦。象形。”琴为正人心、禁淫邪之乐器，炎帝神农氏所创造。琴腹中空而有二孔通向琴面，上有经练制之朱丝弦五根，至周代又增加二弦。琴是象形字，象琴首、身、尾之形。隶变作琴，从今得声。琴为弦乐器，琴身狭长，用拨子弹奏，以古 琴最早，现又作某些乐器之统称，如月琴、扬琴、风琴、钢琴等。
琴 [琹] (名) ① a general name for stringed instruments ② 钢琴 piano
《互动百科》资料：古琴，中国最古老的弹拨乐器之一，本世纪初才被称作“古琴”。琴的创制者有“昔伏羲作琴”、“神农作琴”、“舜作五弦之琴以歌南风”等说，作为追记的传说，可不必尽信，但却可看出琴在中国有着悠久的历史。
在先秦时代，琴已很流行，如《书经》：“搏拊琴瑟以咏”； 《诗经》：“琴瑟在御，莫不静好。”据现有的图象及文献资料，琴至迟在汉末时已大致定型为后世通用的形制。唐代制造的琴传存至今，与宋元明清时造的琴，仅有造形艺术风格上的区别和音色追求的区别。
早在孔子时代，琴就成为文人的必修乐器，数千年来琴与文人的生活密切相关，孔子、蔡邕、嵇康、苏轼等都以弹琴著称。琴的音乐神圣高雅，坦荡超逸，古人用它来抒发情感，寄托理想。琴远远超越了音乐的意义，成为中国文化和理想人格的象徵。
从唐代开始，古琴有了自己专用的记谱法，这种记谱法记录弦位和徽位、左右手的弹奏方法，但不直接记录音高。它由汉字的部首、数字和一些减笔字拼合而成，称作减字谱。减字谱记录古琴音乐的仔细程度和科学性，使现代的五线谱等记谱方法至今仍不能取代它。用减字谱记录而传承至今的古琴谱有一百五十多种，保存了大量的古代音乐作品，是我国巨大而珍贵的音乐宝库。
古琴的弹奏法、记谱法、琴史、琴律、美学等方面早已形成独立完整的体系，被称作"琴学"。其内容精深博大，是中国传统音乐的代表，也是反映中国哲学、历史、文学的镜子。在体现中国传统文化气息的能力上，没有一件乐器可以与古琴相比拟。
63 "琴" is the oldest stringed instrument.
Qin oracle bone has not seen the word. Seal "piano" is pictographic characters, like the guqin shape, there is an arc of the body, two strings. "Wen said:" The ban is also. Shen Nong made, the more holes, training Zhu Wu Xian, Zhou and two strings. Pictograms. "Qin is the heart of people, forbidden evil instruments, Yan Emperor Shennong created. Qin belly hollow and have two holes leading to the piano surface, there are by the practice of Zhu silk string five, to the Zhou Dynasty and increase the second string. Piano is pictographic characters, like the first piano, body, tail shape. Li changed into a piano, from now on sound. Piano for the stringed instrument, the body is long and narrow, playing with the piano to the earliest guqin, is also known as some instruments, such as Yueqin, Yang Qin, organ, piano and so on.
(Piano) (also: piano, piano, piano, piano)
Guqin, one of the oldest plucked instruments in China, was known as the "Guqin" at the beginning of this century. The creators of the piano are: "Xi Fu Xi Zuoqin", "Shen Nong Zuqin", "Shun for Wu Xian Qin Qin to the south wind," and so on, as a legend to remember, do not have to believe, but can see the piano China has a long history.
In the pre-Qin era, the piano has been very popular, such as the existing images and literature, the piano is at least as late as the end of the Qin Dynasty, At the end of the Han Dynasty has been roughly shape for later generational form. The piano made in the Tang dynasty has survived till now, and the piano made by the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties is only the difference between the stylistic art style and the pursuit of timbre.
Confucius, Cai Yong, Ji Kang, Su Shi and so on are known to play the piano. The piano has become the most important instrument in the life of the literati. Piano music sacred elegance, magnanimous Chaoyi, the ancients use it to express feelings, sustenance ideal. Qin far beyond the meaning of music, become a symbol of Chinese culture and ideal personality.
From the Tang Dynasty, guqin has its own special notation, this notation record string bit and emblem bit, left and right hand playing method, but not directly record the pitch. It consists of Chinese radicals, numbers and a number of words cut together from the word, called the subtraction spectrum. Subtitle records Guqin music carefully and scientific, so that the modern musician and other notation methods still can not replace it. There are over 150 kinds of Guqin that have been recorded and subtracted from the ancient Chinese musical instruments, and preserved a large number of ancient music works. It is a huge and precious treasure house of music in our country.
Guqin playing method, notation, Qin history, music, aesthetics has long been an independent and complete system, known as the "piano learning." Its profound content, is the representative of traditional Chinese music, but also reflect the Chinese philosophy, history, literature mirror. In the embodiment of traditional Chinese culture, the ability of breath, no one instrument can be compared with the guqin.
没有评论:
发表评论