玺 玺是形声字。土为形符；尔为声符。《说文》注：“王者印也。所以主土。从土,尔声。”“籀文从玉。”玺为帝王之印，用以象征主宰国土及万物。秦以后，唯帝王之印方能称玺。
玺 [璽] (名) imperial or royal seal
73 "Xi" is the first emperor since the beginning of the emperor of the country on behalf of the Indian seal.
Seal is a phonetic word. Earth for the character; Seoul for the sound symbol. "Said the text" Note: "The king India also. So the main soil. From the earth, Seoul sound." "Zhou Wen from jade." Xi for the emperor of India, to dominate the land and all things symbol. After the Qin Dynasty, the emperor of the Indian side can be called Xi.
(Also: imperial seal)
Qin, Han, Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, the former Zhao, Eastern Jin, Song, Southern Qi, Liang, Chen, Sui, Tang, Liang, Tang dynasties follow the Qin Shi Huang of the country Yuxi, engraved with "ordered in the days, both Shou Yongchang" (Wang Zhengjun) to pass the country Yuxi, Wang Zhengjun very angry, put the Yuxi fetched out to drop to the ground, for this pass also broken the National Seal (Wang Zhengjun) A corner, although Wang Mang in the future to make up the missing angle of gold, but still look out of the broken marks. In the late Tang Dynasty emperor Li Cong from the self-immolation of the missing.
Prior to the Song Dynasty, the emperor usually also followed the Qin Dynasty by the seven seal system, that is only used in ceremonial occasions pass the country seal, the other for the emperor daily office Xi Xi six (Emperor Xi, emperor of the emperor line Xi, the emperor Xi Xi, the emperor letter Xi, the emperor letter Xi), a major ritual and the transfer of the National Seal as a ritual with the Royal Yu Yu listed before the emperor, a symbol of supremacy. However, the Tang Dynasty lost the seal of the emperor, Tang Taizong another side of the Bao Xi instead, after the re-transmission of the National Seal, the self-made Bao Xi renamed "emperor Xi", pass Xi said "ordered Xi", and Emperor emperor Liu Xi To take advantage of eight Yuxi. The five seasons of chaos, Xi system chaos, to the Song, the emperor only three-party Bao Xi, one for the ritual Yuxi was ordered to treasure (but not Qin Chuanxi, but for the Xi), the other two daily office use " Treasure "and" the world's contract treasure. " Although the resurrection of the Huizong by the Yu-eight system, but in order to emphasize their orthodoxy, in addition to that side is considered to be the new seal of Qin Chuan-xi, but also for destiny Po, the town of God Shenbao, For the big song was ordered Zhongxing treasure, is the proliferation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Bao Xi.
In the Song Dynasty, there are farmers in the field to dig out the country Yuxi, Song Ting is considered by the Qin Shihuang system of the national seal, is included in the Huizong by Yu Xi list, but when people think it is forged. After the kingdom to take away this country Yuxi, spread to the Yuan Dynasty. When the Yuan Dynasty was brought to the north, when the Ming emperor of the Northern Expedition of the Mongolian had offered the seal of the emperor, but the Ming emperor sent the Mongolian khan to use it, so the judge should be a counterfeit or a new thing, the Manchu expedition to Mongolia also had this seal, Emperor, but later was Emperor Qianlong sentenced to fake. Ming and Qing dynasties that a large number of production Yuxi in order to reduce the importance of passing the country Yuxi. The early Ming Dynasty Hongwu, Yongle two dynasties Xi Xi seventeen, Jiajing re-system seven seal, said twenty-four Royal treasure, by Shang Bao Secretary in charge. Qing Dynasty to Qianlong when the treasure thirty-nine side, the emperor selected twenty-five square as an official national treasure, said twenty-five treasure.
When the Taiping rebellion, the king also made a new Yuxi, King Yuxi is made of jade, square, side length 20.4 cm, 2.7 cm high, 7.4 cm high New Zealand, New Zealand engraved with moire, New Zealand side carved double Phoenix Chaoyang Pattern. Xi Wen around, carved Shuangfeng sun pattern, carved around the dragon, the next carved watermark legislation. Yuxi text book with the song is carved Yang, a total of 44 words. Yuxi is divided into two parts: the upper part of the middle of the "God the Father" four characters, vertical read; on both sides of the "jade" and "Xi" two characters, and "too" "flat" two small print; Outside, there are "En and" two characters, vertical read; small "flat" outside, there are "series Mu" two characters, vertical read. The lower part of the four words eight, from right to left, followed by "Yongding Qiankun" "Eight Long live" "Salvation Young" "Heavenly King Hong" "Heaven brother Christ" "Lord Wang Yu-tuk" Tianlu ". The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is now hidden in the National Museum of China. (1911 Revolution to establish the Republic of China, to complete the Northern Expedition after the national government, the system of "Seal of the Republic of China" as the National Seal, in 1929 double ten opening.)
秦、汉、魏、西晋、前赵、东晋、宋、南齐、梁、陈、隋、唐、后梁、后唐各朝沿用秦始皇之传国玉玺，上面刻有“受命于天，既寿永昌”，以和氏璧制造，其中在王莽篡汉时，曾向当时的太皇太后(王政君)索取传国玉玺，王政君非常愤怒，便将玉玺取出摔砸于地，为此传国玺还碎了一角，虽然日后王莽以黄金补上缺角，却仍看的出摔碎的痕迹。传国玉玺是在后唐末帝李从珂自焚之时失踪。
在宋朝以前，皇帝通常也同时沿用秦朝乘舆七玺的制度，即在仅用于礼仪场合的传国玺外，另作皇帝日常办公用玺六方（皇帝之玺、天子之玺、皇帝行玺、天子行玺、皇帝信玺、天子信玺），重大礼仪时与传国玺一道作为礼器同列于御座御舆之前，象征皇权至上。惟唐初失传国玺，唐太宗另作一方宝玺代替，后复得传国玺，则自作宝玺易名“皇帝神玺”，传国玺称“受命玺”，与皇帝天子六玺合为乘舆八玺。五季纷扰，玺制混乱，至宋，皇帝就只用三方宝玺，一方为礼仪用玺受命宝（但并非秦传国玺，而是自作玺），另两方为日常办公所用的“书诏之宝”与“天下合同之宝”。宋徽宗时虽复活乘舆八玺之制，但为了强调自己的正统，除了那方被认为是秦传国玺的新受命宝外，又另作定命宝、镇国神宝等，建炎南渡以后又作大宋受命中兴之宝等，是为明清宝玺泛滥之滥觞。
在宋朝时，有农民在田地中掘出传国玉玺，被宋廷认为是秦始皇所制传国玺，乃列入徽宗乘舆八玺之列，但时人有认为其为伪造。后金国夺去此传国玉玺，传至元朝。元亡时被携往北方，明成祖北伐时蒙古曾献国玺，但明成祖发还蒙古汗准其使用，照此判断应为伪物或新造之物，满清征伐蒙古亦得此玺，因而称帝，但后来亦被乾隆帝判为伪物。明、清两朝即大量制作玉玺以减轻传国玉玺的重要性。明初洪武、永乐两朝制玺十七方，嘉靖年间再制七玺，称二十四御宝，由尚宝司官掌管。清至乾隆时藏宝三十九方，高宗选定其中二十五方作为正式国宝，称清二十五宝。
太平天国起义时，天王亦造了一个新的玉玺，天王玉玺是用青玉制成，正方形，边长20.4厘米，高2.7厘米，纽高7.4厘米，纽背刻有云纹，纽侧刻双凤朝阳纹。玺文四周，上刻双凤朝阳纹，左右刻龙纹，下刻立水纹。玺文用宋体正书阳刻，共44字。玺文分为上下两部分：上部正中为“天父上帝”四个大字，竖读；两旁为“玉”“玺”两个大字，又“太”“平”两个小字；小字“太”的外面，有“恩和”两个大字，竖读；小字“平”的外面，有“辑睦”两个大字，竖读。下部为四言八句，自右至左，依次为“永定乾坤”“八位万岁”“救世幼主”“天王洪日”“天兄基督”“主王舆笃”“真王贵福”“永锡天禄”。太平天国这枚玉玺现藏于中国国家博物馆。(辛亥革命建立民国，至国民政府完成北伐后，始制“中华民国之玺”作为国玺，于1929年双十节启用。)
Seal is a phonetic word. Earth for the character; Seoul for the sound symbol. "Said the text" Note: "The king India also. So the main soil. From the earth, Seoul sound." "Zhou Wen from jade." Xi for the emperor of India, to dominate the land and all things symbol. After the Qin Dynasty, the emperor of the Indian side can be called Xi.
(Also: imperial seal)
Qin, Han, Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, the former Zhao, Eastern Jin, Song, Southern Qi, Liang, Chen, Sui, Tang, Liang, Tang dynasties follow the Qin Shi Huang of the country Yuxi, engraved with "ordered in the days, both Shou Yongchang" (Wang Zhengjun) to pass the country Yuxi, Wang Zhengjun very angry, put the Yuxi fetched out to drop to the ground, for this pass also broken the National Seal (Wang Zhengjun) A corner, although Wang Mang in the future to make up the missing angle of gold, but still look out of the broken marks. In the late Tang Dynasty emperor Li Cong from the self-immolation of the missing.
Prior to the Song Dynasty, the emperor usually also followed the Qin Dynasty by the seven seal system, that is only used in ceremonial occasions pass the country seal, the other for the emperor daily office Xi Xi six (Emperor Xi, emperor of the emperor line Xi, the emperor Xi Xi, the emperor letter Xi, the emperor letter Xi), a major ritual and the transfer of the National Seal as a ritual with the Royal Yu Yu listed before the emperor, a symbol of supremacy. However, the Tang Dynasty lost the seal of the emperor, Tang Taizong another side of the Bao Xi instead, after the re-transmission of the National Seal, the self-made Bao Xi renamed "emperor Xi", pass Xi said "ordered Xi", and Emperor emperor Liu Xi To take advantage of eight Yuxi. The five seasons of chaos, Xi system chaos, to the Song, the emperor only three-party Bao Xi, one for the ritual Yuxi was ordered to treasure (but not Qin Chuanxi, but for the Xi), the other two daily office use " Treasure "and" the world's contract treasure. " Although the resurrection of the Huizong by the Yu-eight system, but in order to emphasize their orthodoxy, in addition to that side is considered to be the new seal of Qin Chuan-xi, but also for destiny Po, the town of God Shenbao, For the big song was ordered Zhongxing treasure, is the proliferation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Bao Xi.
In the Song Dynasty, there are farmers in the field to dig out the country Yuxi, Song Ting is considered by the Qin Shihuang system of the national seal, is included in the Huizong by Yu Xi list, but when people think it is forged. After the kingdom to take away this country Yuxi, spread to the Yuan Dynasty. When the Yuan Dynasty was brought to the north, when the Ming emperor of the Northern Expedition of the Mongolian had offered the seal of the emperor, but the Ming emperor sent the Mongolian khan to use it, so the judge should be a counterfeit or a new thing, the Manchu expedition to Mongolia also had this seal, Emperor, but later was Emperor Qianlong sentenced to fake. Ming and Qing dynasties that a large number of production Yuxi in order to reduce the importance of passing the country Yuxi. The early Ming Dynasty Hongwu, Yongle two dynasties Xi Xi seventeen, Jiajing re-system seven seal, said twenty-four Royal treasure, by Shang Bao Secretary in charge. Qing Dynasty to Qianlong when the treasure thirty-nine side, the emperor selected twenty-five square as an official national treasure, said twenty-five treasure.
When the Taiping rebellion, the king also made a new Yuxi, King Yuxi is made of jade, square, side length 20.4 cm, 2.7 cm high, 7.4 cm high New Zealand, New Zealand engraved with moire, New Zealand side carved double Phoenix Chaoyang Pattern. Xi Wen around, carved Shuangfeng sun pattern, carved around the dragon, the next carved watermark legislation. Yuxi text book with the song is carved Yang, a total of 44 words. Yuxi is divided into two parts: the upper part of the middle of the "God the Father" four characters, vertical read; on both sides of the "jade" and "Xi" two characters, and "too" "flat" two small print; Outside, there are "En and" two characters, vertical read; small "flat" outside, there are "series Mu" two characters, vertical read. The lower part of the four words eight, from right to left, followed by "Yongding Qiankun" "Eight Long live" "Salvation Young" "Heavenly King Hong" "Heaven brother Christ" "Lord Wang Yu-tuk" Tianlu ". The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is now hidden in the National Museum of China. (1911 Revolution to establish the Republic of China, to complete the Northern Expedition after the national government, the system of "Seal of the Republic of China" as the National Seal, in 1929 double ten opening.)
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