“圣书字”
圣书字包括碑铭体、僧侣体和大众体三种。圣书字早期大多是图形符号，以后发展为形、声、意结合的符号文字。埃及象形文字有25个单音字（但是只有24个音，主要是s对应两个符号，一般将两个符号分别对应s和z，但是，这两者发音类似，故这里将其归为一个音），137个双音字（其实真正的双音节字数目是比137略多的，但是，考虑到之间的差别很小，故将其归为一类符号，这里仅将js音中的三个符号拆开来单独计数，其次，这137个符号仅对应101个双音，也就是说，一个双音是可以对应几个双音字的），和72个三音字（这里的72个三音字是按照三音的个数来计数的，三音中，同一音对应的象形文字符号基本类似）[2] ，也有直接能够同时表示意义和声音的图形字符，像这类真正的表形文字不多，多数是借数个表形文字的读音来表示其它的概念。类似于汉语的借音用法。限定符则类似于汉语中的偏旁部首的作用。埃及象形文字中表形、表意和表音相结合，其意符和声符都来源于象形的图形。与汉语所不同的则是它们依然保持单独的图形字符。有趣的是，这种文字可以横写也可以竖写，可以向右写也可以向左写，到底是什么方向则看动物字符头部的指向来判断；至于在单词单元上则怎么匀称美观怎么写，只要不影响意思，上下左右天地自由。这可以说是埃及象形文字的书法特征之一。我们讲埃及象形文字一般是指圣书体，主要用于比较庄重的场合，多见于神庙，纪念碑和金字塔的铭文的雕刻。僧侣体则多用于书写于纸草上，相当于汉字的行书或草书。而世俗体则是对僧侣体的简化。埃及于公元前525年被波斯人征服后，变成了波斯帝国的一个省，改用波斯文。古埃及使用了3000多年的圣书字从此消失。1799年入侵埃及的法国军队在挖掘战壕时，无意中发现了一块石碑，经法国语言学家商博良刻苦研读，终于在19世纪20年代解读出来，原来碑上刻的就是古埃及的圣书字的碑铭体和大众体。此外，奥地利国家图书馆收藏有古埃及于公元前1500年至1400年的莎草纸书卷及残篇10万多件。通过对古埃及圣书字的密码符号的解读，进一步展现了古埃及的历史。1996年我在新西兰基督城博物馆看到一具几千年前古埃及的木乃伊，他胸腹部的一块衣布上写满了几百个圣书字，那些密码文字和中国的象形文字相类似，动物的形象和骑马的符号字，都十分生动。
First, more than 5,000 years ago in Africa, the Nile Basin of ancient Egypt "holy characters."
Holy words include inscriptions, monks and the mass body of three. Most of the early St. characters are graphic symbols, the future development of the shape, sound, meaning the combination of the symbol text. Egyptian hieroglyphs have 25 monosyllabic words (but only 24 tones, mainly s corresponds to two symbols, generally the two symbols corresponding to s and z, but the two sounds similar, so here it is classified as a sound ), 137 two-tone words (in fact, the number of true two-syllable word is slightly more than 137, but taking into account the difference between small, it is classified as a class of symbols, here will only js sound of the three Symbol to open and separate to count, and secondly, the 137 symbols corresponding to 101 dual tone, that is, a two-tone can correspond to several pairs of words), and 72 three-tone (here 72 In accordance with the number of tones to count the three tones, the same tone corresponding to the hieroglyph symbol is basically similar) [2], but also directly to the meaning of meaning and sound graphics characters, such as the real form of text is not much , Most of which is borrowed from several table-shaped text pronunciation to express the other concepts. Similar to the use of Chinese borrowing. Qualifier is similar to the role of Chinese radicals. Egyptian hieroglyphics in the form, the combination of ideographic and phonetic, its meaning and symbols are derived from pictographic graphics. Unlike the Chinese language, they still maintain individual graphic characters. Interestingly, this text can be written in both horizontal and vertical writing, you can write to the right can write to the left, in the end what is the direction of animal characters to see the direction of the head to judge; As for how the word unit is how beautiful symmetry Write, as long as the meaning does not affect, up and down around the world free. This can be said that the Egyptian hieroglyphs calligraphy one of the features. We speak Egyptian hieroglyphics generally refers to the holy book body, mainly used for more solemn occasions, more common in the temple, monument and pyramid inscriptions carving. Monks are mostly used to write on the papyrus, the equivalent of Chinese characters in the script or cursive. While the secular body is the simplification of the monks. After the conquest of Egypt by the Persians in 525 BC, it became a province of the Persian Empire and became Persian. Ancient Egypt used more than 3,000 years of sacred words from disappearing. 1799 invasion of Egypt, the French army digging trenches, inadvertently discovered a stone, the French linguist Shang Boliang study hard, and finally in the 1820s interpretation, the original inscription on the tablet is the ancient Egyptian holy words Of the inscription body and the mass body. In addition, the Austrian National Library collection of ancient Egypt in 1500 BC to 1400 years, papyrus paper books and fragments more than 100,000 pieces. Through the ancient Egyptian holy words of the cryptographic symbols of the interpretation, to further demonstrate the history of ancient Egypt. In 1996 I saw a mummy in ancient Christendom thousands of years ago at the Christchurch Museum in New Zealand. His chest and abdomen were covered with hundreds of holy books, which were similar to Chinese hieroglyphics, Animal images and riding symbol of the word, are very vivid.
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