2017年1月29日星期日

解码汉字22 “为”字,表现了人类驯服大象,也反映了大象为人类的劳作。 22 "for" the word, the performance of the human tame elephants, but also reflects the elephant's labor for mankind.

22 “字,表现了人类驯服大象,也反映了大象为人类的劳作。

   甲骨文象用手牵象之形。把象作为役畜使用,即为人所使。殷商时中原地区生活着大量象群,常有获象之记载。四川金沙遗址大量象牙出土亦证实古代中国有象。
,既指为了,又指因为、为何(为什么)。作动词,指做、行、变成、成为、当作、充作、帮助等。作介词,用于被动句,相当于。《说文》中将注释为母猴,可作研讨之用。
wéi

 []Ⅰ() ① do; act ② act as; serve as ③ become ④ be; mean Ⅱ() used together withto indicate a passive structure



现代中国,除云南等少数南方地区有大象以外,90%地区都没有大象了。但是,在2500年以前,气候较热,中国的许多地方,都有大象生活。《百度贴吧-历史上中国大象的分布变迁》介绍:
在古代,大象在中国的分布范围极其广泛。新石器时代黄河流域就有大象频繁出没,上古大禹役象的传说,不是没有根据的。河北阳原县就发现了亚洲象的遗齿和遗骨,其时代约在夏末商初(距今约30004000年前),这是目前世界上已知亚洲象分布的最北记录,约在北纬40°11′,与北京处于同一纬度上。在距今80002500年前,人类的生产力水平十分低下,对自然环境影响微弱,黄河中下游地区的年均温较现在高23℃,冬季最冷月的平均气温较现在高5℃以上,华北地区大部为亚热带气候,茂盛的植被和遍布的湖沼为野象的生活提供了十分有利的条件。河南安阳殷墟中也曾发现有象的遗骨。著名的《二十四孝》中有这么几句话舜耕于历山。有象为之耕。有鸟为之耘。历山在济阴城阳,相当今山东荷泽及东明等地。当然所谓的象耕并不是今天的这种牛耕一样的耕地,而是和麋鹿耕地一样,春季野生动物来到沼泽湿地觅食,它们把湿地脚踩牙翻得稀巴烂、底朝天,然后古人便在这些践踏过的地方撒下种子。商代野象在黄河下游分布很多,在商代的甲骨文书中,有许多关于象的记载,如商王就曾在沁阳附近的太行山南侧一次猎获7只野象。当时不仅有象氏族,还驯养野象,有时打仗更出动象军,《吕氏春秋》载:商人服象,为虐于东夷。象不仅是家畜之一,同时以象牙为原料的手工业也很发达,在乐器中有象管,在舞蹈中有象舞等,商周时代还有象簪、象珥、象笏、象觚、象环、象栉等用象牙制成的饰物。象的分布还反映在地名上,河南的古称为象形字,就是一人牵象,象征着人与自然的和谐、安宁。不但如此,以象殉葬还是商朝的一种殉葬方式,殷墟王陵区曾发现一座象坑,坑中同葬一猪,还发现一人一象的随葬坑。可见,远古时代大象和我们中原先民的关系是十分紧密的。然而,随着生产的进步,人类活动的不断增多,对自然开发力度的扩大,古代黄河下游的野象的栖息北界也在不断南退之中,至商末周初则主要见于山东南部,春秋后期(约2500年前)黄河流域的气候开始变冷,野象已南移到淮河下游南北。因此在战国时代,黄河下游的野象已是非常罕见了。



22 "for" the word, the performance of the human tame elephants, but also reflects the elephant's labor for mankind.

As the image of the elephant by hand as the Oracle. The elephant is used as a draft animal. During the Shang Dynasty, the Central Plains region lived a large number of elephants, often recorded as "elephant". A large number of ivory unearthed in Sichuan Jinsha site also confirmed that ancient China has elephant.
"For", both means "for", also refers to "because", why (why). To act as a verb, act, act, act, become, be, act, act, assist, etc. As a preposition, for passive sentences, equivalent to "be." "Said the text" will be "for" Notes for the female monkey, can be used for research purposes.
Wéi

As (for) I (move) ① do; act ② act as; serve as ③ become ④ be; mean Ⅱ (intermediary) used together with to indicate a passive structure



Modern China, with the exception of Yunnan and other southern regions have a few elephants, 90% of the region did not elephants. However, in 2500 years ago, the climate is hot, many parts of China, have elephant life. "Baidu Post Bar - the history of the distribution of Chinese elephant changes" Introduction:

In ancient times, the distribution of elephants in China is extremely broad. The Neolithic Age of the Yellow River basin has frequented the elephant, the ancient Great Yu served as the legend, not without basis. Yangyuan County, Hebei Province, discovered the remains and remains of Asian elephants, the era of about late in the late summer (about 3000 ~ 4000 years ago), which is currently the world's known Asian elephant distribution of the most northern record, About 40 ° 11 'north latitude, and Beijing at the same latitude. In the 8000 to 2500 years ago, the level of human productivity is very low, the weak impact on the natural environment, the average annual temperature of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is now 2 ~ 3 ℃ higher than the average temperature of the coldest winter is now 5 ℃ , Mostly in northern China, subtropical climate, lush vegetation and lakes throughout the elephant's life as a very favorable conditions. Henan Anyang Yin Ruins have also been found in the remains of the elephant. The famous "twenty-four filial piety" in such a few words "Shungeng in Lishan. There are like farming. Birds for Yun." Lishan in Jiyin Chengyang, quite today, Shandong Heze and Dongming and other places. Of course, the so-called elephant tillage is not the same kind of farmland as today's cattle farming, but like the elk cultivated land, the wild animals in the spring come to the marsh foraging, and they turn the wet land on their teeth and turn them overturned. In these trampled places sowed seeds. Shang Dynasty elephants in the Yellow River in the lower reaches of many, in the Shang Dynasty Oracle books, there are many records on the elephant, such as Shang Wang Qinyang had in the vicinity of the southern side of the Taihang Mountains hunting seven wild elephants. At that time not only as the clan, but also domesticated wild elephant, and sometimes even more out of war as the army, "Lu Spring and Autumn" contains: "businessman like, for the child in Dongyi." As not only livestock, and ivory as raw material Handicraft industry is also very developed, in the instrument as a tube, in the dance as a dance, Shang and Zhou Dynasties also like hairpin, elephant, elephant, elephant, elephant ring, elephant and other ivory made ornaments. The distribution of the elephant is also reflected in the geographical names, the ancient name of Henan, "Henan" as the pictographic characters, is one of the symbol, a symbol of harmony between man and nature, peace. Not only that, as a sacrificial or funeral way of the Shang Dynasty, Yin Ruins Wangling District, has been found as a pit, pit buried in a pig, also found a person as a funerary pit. Visible, the ancient elephant and our relationship with the Central Plains is very close. However, along with the progress of production, the increasing of human activities and the expansion of natural development, the northern boundary of wild elephant in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is also being continuously retreated to the south of Shangdong, In the late Spring and Autumn Period (about 2500 years ago), the climate of the Yellow River began to cool, and elephants moved southward to the lower reaches of the Huaihe River. Therefore, in the Warring States period, the lower reaches of the Yellow River elephants are very rare.

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