三、汉字的密码解读 Third, the password interpret characters

三、汉字的密码解读

汉字密码符号的解读，是一件非常有趣的工作。汉字的每一个字仿佛就是一幅画，这幅画里暗藏着一个或几个密码，这些密码有的代表形态，有的代表声音，有的代表意义，有的代表所指的事物。而且密码的组合是千变万化的，真使人看之赏心悦目，思之回味无穷，用之灵感倍生。一个字又像一个谜，解开那些谜，就可以了解当时社会的构建和当时的生产力和生产方式，了解古人的心态、古人的习俗、古人的生活、古人的行为。中华民族之所以伟大，通过这些密码构建的文字体系，可以使我们更有深刻的体会。

怎样才能正确解读汉字的密码符号，重点有以下几种方法：

1、象形文字解码法：象形字的密码是由一个或多个形符组成的。解读象形文字，首先就要解读象形密码。密码解开了，文字的含义就清晰了，从而就可以了解古人创造那些象形文字的真正含义。例如：

美：甲骨文的“美”字象一个站立的男子，头上有三重羽饰，真像一个头冠华美的武士，或像一个古代主持祭祀的主持人。还有一个甲骨文的美字在头饰下面象有两只手在进行整理打扮。这些密码说明美的真正含义是美丽、美好，既指人的外在美，也指人的内在美。作动词用则指装饰、打扮、美化。假借指好事、好物、令人满意等。至于对女性的美，古人是在美字前再加一个女字来界定的，《说文解字》的注释是：“色好也。从女，从美，美亦声。”美与“丑”相对。美的含义是什么，普通老百姓是比较清楚的，可是现在在一些古汉字辞典或电视台的说文解字节目中，仍把美字解释为上是羊，下是大，羊子肥大就是美。他们的依据是许慎对美的另一注释：“美，甘也。从羊，从大。羊在六畜主给膳也。羊与善同义。”应当说甘美、甜美、美膳、美食只是美的引申义，而不是美的真正含义。美好、美丽、美善应当是美的正确解读。

爱：在甲骨文中还未发现有爱字出现。篆书的爱字是由一颗包着的心与两只分别置于心字上下的脚构成，表示两个人相爱，或人与人之间的爱，并且直接含有性爱之义。许慎说：“爱，惠爱也。从心，旡声。”心是形符，上下两只脚也是形符，而不应该是声符，也就是说“爱”不是形声字应当是象形字，这是我个人的看法，对不对？尚须切磋讨论。

2、会意解析法：会意字的解读确有一定难度，只有用会意解析法首先了解字的含义，再联系其它部分加以解析，才能最后弄清。例如解读“敬”字，我们就有这样有体会。我们至今还没有找到甲骨文的“敬”字，甲骨文只有“苟”字。篆书中“敬”字是由苟与攴合成的，这种合成表示什么意思，确实令人费解。不久前我在成都一家宾馆墙上看到一幅以敬字为题的写意画，画一个女子跪在地上对人表示尊敬。我觉得这幅画非常形象，但仔细一看，发现还少了一半，缺了攴字的含义。直到后来我认真解读苟字的甲骨文，才理解到敬字象一只手拿着教鞭，对着一个跪在地上两眼斜视、态度随意的人，意思是用教鞭要求态度苟且的人对他人要敬重。许慎说：“敬，肃也。从攴，从苟。”他另一注是：“敬也，从心，从敬。”我认为许慎这两个注释是正确而完美的。

3、形声解析法：三千多年前的甲骨文以象形字为主，形声字仅占20%，发展到二千年前的秦汉时期，形声字大量增加，《说文解字》中，形声字占82%，现代汉语中形声字已占90%。由此可知解析形声字该是多么重要。形声字有三个优点：一是它有表声部份，一读就能知晓七八分；二是组字方法简单，一形一声，解析比较容易；三是较复杂的形声字有主有次，有规律可循。解析的方法是：①声旁是生母，形旁是晚娘（声在形先的字）；②擒贼先擒王，认字先认娘（从形旁诠释字义）；③秀才生得尖，认字认半边（只对部份形声字而言）。当然，有的形声字解读比较困难，需要具体分析和研究。

4、字族解析法：象形文字的基本要素是“形”，形是可以分类的，例如：大自然有山、水、木、石、土、田、金、日、月、光、雨、火等；人体形态有头、手、足、耳、目、口、心、脑、鼻、皮、肉、骨等；动物有豕、牛、马、羊、犬、鹿、豸等等。这些分门别类的字词在外国语中相互很少关联，而在汉语中却呈现出许多互联的、有序的、有机的组合。例如一个木字，以它为形符的至少可以分出：

① 部位与形态：木、林、森、根、枝、梢、叶、杆、条等

② 乔木：松、柏、杉、杨、槐、柳、樟、檀、栎、桑、桂等；

③ 果木：桃、李、杏、橘、柑、桔、柿、梨、果等；

④ 木制器物：柜、橱、箱、栅、槛、栏、桌、椅、架、梯、桨等；

⑤ 与木字相关的动作：相、查、检、核、校、楷、横、榨、染等。

只要掌握了字族文字解析法，解读象形文字，就可以举一反三，甚至举一反十，收入到事半功倍之效。四川省井研县教育局上世纪八十年代在该县采用这种方法教习汉字，大多读小学三年级的学生就能考过六年级的课程，教育部曾派人去考察，表示赞赏，可惜这种教学汉语的方法未能推广。1994年3月29日我曾填了一首“鹧鸪天”词盛赞井研倡导字族文字：“汉字形声源流长，组成字族乃良方。井研教育集成册，开启智慧价难量。百十字，组一章，同音同义觅偏旁，六年课程三年竣，育得神州满园香”。

Third, the password interpret charactersInterpretation of kanji symbols password , is a very interesting job . Chinese characters as if every word is a painting , this painting one or several hidden passwords that some representatives of shape , and some representatives of the sound , and some representatives of meaning , some representatives of the meaning of things . And password combination is changing, people really see the pleasing, think of food for thought , inspired by the times students. A word also like a puzzle , solved that mystery , we can understand what was built and then the social productive forces and production methods , to understand the mentality of the ancients , the ancient custom of ancient life, ancient behavior. Chinese people are great to build these passwords writing system that can make us more profound experience.How can we interpret kanji symbols correct password , the focus of the following ways :1 , hieroglyphic decoding method : pictograph password is shaped by one or more characters composed . Interpret hieroglyphics , we must first interpret pictograms password. Password to unlock the meaning of the text on the clear, so you can understand the true meaning of those ancient hieroglyphics create . For example:America : Oracle's "United States" as a standing man , head of a triple feathers , like a true warrior head Guanhua America , or like an ancient ritual presided moderator .There is also a beautiful word in Oracle headdress like having two hands during the following finishing dress. These passwords explain the true meaning of beauty is beautiful , beautiful, refers both to people outside the United States , but also a person's inner beauty . Used as a verb refers to decorate , dress , landscaping.Guise means a good thing, a good thing , and so satisfying . As for the United States to women , coupled with the ancients is a female character in front of the United States to define the word " Dictionary" The comment is : . " Color is good from women , from the United States , the United States is also sound ." Beauty and " ugly "relative . What is the meaning of the United States , ordinary people are relatively clear , but now some ancient Chinese character dictionary or television Explain Word program, the United States is still the word is interpreted as the sheep , the next big sheep son hypertrophy is beautiful. They are the basis of beauty Xushen another note : . " .. America , Gan from the sheep , the sheep from the big to the board in the main domestic animals sheep also synonymous with goodness " should say sweet, sweet, Dial , food only United States extended meaning , rather than the true meaning of beauty. Beautiful, beauty, goodness should be the correct interpretation of beauty .Love : Oracle has not been found in the word love appears. Seal the word love is a heart wrapped with two feet were placed above and below the word constitutes the heart , which means that two people in love , or love between people, and directly contains the meaning of sex . Xu Shen said: . " Love , love also benefit from the heart ,旡sound " heart -shaped symbol , down two feet also shaped symbol should not be a sound character , that "love " is not a form of sound words should be pictographicwords , this is my personal opinion , right ? Yet to learn from the discussion .2 , knowing analytical method : Interpretation of knowing the word does have a certain degree of difficulty, only by knowing the analytical method to first understand the meaning of the word , and then contact the other part to be resolved in order to finally find out . For example reading "Respect ", which we have had this experience .We still have not found Oracle's "Respect " word , Oracle only " Gou " word . Seal the " respect" word by Gou and Po synthesis , the synthetic What does it mean , really puzzling . Not long ago I saw a word in the title of King freehand painting a wall in a hotel in Chengdu , draw a woman kneeling on the ground to show respect for people . I think this is the very image of the painting , but a closer look and found that less than half , missing Po meaning of the word . Until then I seriously Gou interpret the word Oracle, was understood to respect the word like a hand holding a pointer, kneeling in front of a squint his eyes on the ground, the attitude of random people , meaning struggling with a pointer requires attitude to others who want to respect. Xu Shen said: "Teachers , Su from the Po, from Gou . ." He is another note : . " King also , from the heart , from the King ," I think these two notes Xu Shen is correct and perfect.3 , Phonogram analytical method : three thousand years ago to the pictograph -based Oracle , Phonogram only 20% , the development of Qin and Han Dynasty two thousand years ago , a significant increase in Phonogram , "Dictionary ", the phonetic 82% of the word , the word in modern Chinese phonetic accounted for 90%.It can be seen that the analytic form of sound words how important it is . Phonogram has three advantages : First, it has a sound part of the table , a reading will be able to know seven or eight ; Second group of simple words , a form soon , analytical relatively easy ; Third, more complex form of sound words of the Lord there are times, there is a pattern . Analytical methods are: ① sound beside the mother , beside the shape is stepmother ( the first sound of the word in the form of ); ② must remember , first recognized literacy Niang ( literal interpretations from the next -shaped ); ③ scholar born too sharp, recognized word recognition half ( only part of Phonogram terms ) . Of course , some of Phonogram interpretation more difficult, require specific analysis and research.4 , the word family analytic method : the basic elements of hieroglyphics is " shaped " form can be classified , for example: Nature mountains , water, wood, stone , earth, field , gold, sun, moon, light , rain, fire , etc. ; human form has a head, hands, feet, ears, eyes , mouth, heart, brain , nose, skin, flesh , bone , etc. ; animal hog , cattle, horses, sheep, dogs, deer, Zhi and so on. These categories of words rarely associated with each other in a foreign language , and in many Chinese Internet preached , orderly , organic combination. For example, a wooden word , it is shaped to at least be able to separate the character :① parts and forms: wood, forest, forest , roots, branches, shoots , leaves, rod , bar , etc.② trees : pine, cypress , cedar, poplar , locust , willow, camphor , sandalwood , oak , mulberry , laurel , etc. ;③ fruit : peach, plum, apricot, orange , tangerine, orange, persimmon , pear , fruit , etc. ;④ wooden artifacts : cabinets, cupboards , boxes, gate , sills , columns, tables, chairs , racks, ladders, paddles , etc. ;⑤ action associated with wood words : phase , investigation, inspection, audit , school , Kai, Wang , pressing , dyeing and so on.Once you master the word family words analytic method , interpretation of hieroglyphics , you can learn by analogy , and even give a counter- ten, revenue to the multiplier effect . Jingyan County Board of Education in the eighties of the last century, the county using this method to teach learning Chinese characters, mostly elementary school students in third grade through the sixth grade will be able to test the curriculum , the Ministry of Education had sent to examine , expressed appreciation , but unfortunately this approach failed to promote the teaching of Chinese . March 29, 1994 I had filled out a song , " Partridge Sky " word Jinyan advocates praised the word family words : "Chinese phonetic origins of long , consisting of the word family is the recipe book Jinyan integrated education , the amount of open intelligence is difficult to price . Bai Cross , set a chapter , homonyms synonymous seek radical, six completed the course of three years , education was Divine garden incense . 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