Monday, 10 March 2014
1 象形文字解码法 1. Decoding pictograph
1 象形文字解码法
1. Decoding pictograph
Pictographs are mainly composed of codes. What is code? Simply speaking, a code is a sign. Character codes are character signs. Pictographic codes are made up of graphic signs, sound signs, meaning signs and indication signs. To read a pictograph needs to read the codes in it. Once a character is decoded, its meaning is clear, then we can understand why our predecessors used those pictographs.
For example, “美”the oracle bone inscription “美” looks like a standing man with three layers of feathers decorating his head, more like a warrior with beautiful head decorations, also like a compere governing a sacral ceremony. Another oracle bone inscription “美” seems to be a man preening himself using his two hands. These codes indicate that “美” has a meaning of “beauty” and “nicety”, which not only refers to one’s outside beauty but inner side as well. Used as a verb, “美” means “decorate”, “make up” and “prettify”. Our predecessors added “女” to the left side of “美” to describe a woman’s beauty. The book 《Word And Expression》 gave it a meaning of “good-looking”, specifically used for ladies, for beautiful ladies, and pronounced “Mei” which has an opposite meaning to “丑”.The meaning can be extended to “luck”, “good thing” and “satisfactory” etc. Ordinary people knows what “Mei” means, however, some dictionaries or TV programs explained that “美” is made up of two parts, the upper part is “羊”,meaning sheep, and the lower part is “大”, meaning big, so “美” is a big sheep. These dictionaries and TV programs made such explanations based on Shen Xu’s explanation: “美” means “sweet”, is related to “sheep” and “big”. Sheep is a major food source of the six meat animals. “羊” and “膳” shared the same meaning. It should be said that “sweet”, “good meal” and “good food” are the extending meaning of “Mei”, not real meaning of it. The above explanation is certainly not the best because it is quite unilateral and one swallow does make a summer.
1、象形文字解码法:象形字的密码是由一个或多个形符组成的。解读象形文字,首先就要解读象形密码。密码解开了,文字的含义就清晰了,从而就可以了解古人创造那些象形文字的真正含义。例如:
美:甲骨文的“美”字象一个站立的男子,头上有三重羽饰,真像一个头冠华美的武士,或像一个古代主持祭祀的主持人。还有一个甲骨文的美字在头饰下面象有两只手在进行整理打扮。这些密码说明美的真正含义是美丽、美好,既指人的外在美,也指人的内在美。作动词用则指装饰、打扮、美化。假借指好事、好物、令人满意等。至于对女性的美,古人是在美字前再加一个女字来界定的,《说文解字》的注释是:“色好也。从女,从美,美亦声。”美与“丑”相对。美的含义是什么,普通老百姓是比较清楚的,可是现在在一些古汉字辞典或电视台的说文解字节目中,仍把美字解释为上是羊,下是大,羊子肥大就是美。他们的依据是许慎对美的另一注释:“美,甘也。从羊,从大。羊在六畜主给膳也。羊与善同义。”应当说甘美、甜美、美膳、美食只是美的引申义,而不是美的真正含义。美好、美丽、美善应当是美的正确解读。
爱:在甲骨文中还未发现有爱字出现。篆书的爱字是由一颗包着的心与两只分别置于心字上下的脚构成,表示两个人相爱,或人与人之间的爱,并且直接含有性爱之义。许慎说:“爱,惠爱也。从心,旡声。”心是形符,上下两只脚也是形符,而不应该是声符,也就是说“爱”不是形声字应当是象形字,这是我个人的看法,对不对?尚须切磋讨论。
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